Nicholas II

• NII was reliant on the army to crush unrest eg the Cossacks on Bloody Sunday. However there was an excessive use of force which triggered the revolution
• NII's use of the army to crush peasant unrest and urban uprisings led to 1000 killed in Moscow.
• Continued brutality- Stolypin's necktie, hundreds of peasants hung
• Political parties are legal and participate in elections. But from 1907, censorship was reintroduced and 1000 newspapers were shut down.
• After 1907, unions no allowed to use funds for strike pay
• The Okhrana continued to use network of spies and informants. There were arrests, trials without jury, exile and imprisonment