Human case studies (not including London and rio yet)

• Flows of globalisation


  • Capital
  • Goods
  • Information
  • Labour
  • Services
• FDI


  Foreign Direct Investment
• FDI increased from $25 billion to $650 billion from 1990-2015
• Global trade in goods hit quarterly high of $5.6 trillion in November 2021
• 24,405 gigabits of data/ sec were exchanged between USA and Europe in 2014(only 4000 in 2008)
• Largest regional flow of labour: 5 million migrated from south to west asia between 2005-2010
• By 2040 India is predicted to be the second largest economy in the world, largely due to its service sector
• Containerisation


  Standardised sized containers to replace break bulk shipping
• Malcom Mclean came up with the idea for a standardised sized container(8ft/8ft/20ft) to replace break bulk shipping
• Containerisation


  • Good for organisation/security
  • Bad as many ports put out of business as demand for work was decreased
• 10,000 shipping containers lost per year
• 7/10 busiest ports are in China
• 80% of trade travels by shipping container
• 1/3 of world goods are traded by air travel
• 87 containers of plastic pellets lost in Sri Lanka
• Felixstowe: UK largest port
• Rotterdam: EU largest port
• Shanghai: worlds busiest port
• South China Sea


  $5 trillion in trade passes through SCS every year
• 1. nine dash line: a historic claim from China which claims 80% of SCS
• Islands were developed for military use(at least 3 islands solely for military use)
• 12% of all fish caught in SCS
• 25% of oil passes through SCS
• 3,365 species of fish
• China deals with disputing countries separately so they have less power (eg. Taiwan)
• 190 trillion ft3 of gas in SCS
• India Interdependence


  Lots of MNC's, FDI at an all time high, Part of SAARC and the G20, High dependence on imports of fossil fuels
• FDI at an all time high of $64 billion(2022) which is a 27% increase since 2019
• 38% of fossil fuels are imported (2012) in india
• 71% of oil imported(2012) in india
• Top 10 TNC's earnt 72% of Indias revenue
• Tata: operate in 100 countries, 935,000 employees
• Coca Cola: outsource their production to India ($1.5 million bottling plant,56 bottling plants in total)
• India-Gulf Migration


  Equal/unequal flows, 8.5 million Indians live/work in the Gulf, India receives $87 billion in remittances every year
• 6500 migrants died in Qatar building stadiums(unfair treatment)
• Kafala system: Employers take migrants passport, so don't have free will to leave (against human rights)
• Migration causes inequalities as the migrants are often treated badly (e.g. 6 people sharing a room in Gulf)
• Energy flows in Europe

  Russia is the largest supplier via Nord Stream, Russia supplies 40% of EU gas, Countries trying to cut ties due to Ukraine war but some are fully reliant
• Countries interdependent: Spain does not supply any gas but imports 30% of its gas
• CAYAT cocoa plantation


  Fairtrade, On the Ivory coast, Typical cocoa farmer earns $1 per day, Fairtrade cocoa farmer earns $2.50 per day, Produce 8000 tonnes of cocoa (23% of which is sold on fairtrade terms), Grew from around 300 members to around 3000