Chap 10

• three types of muscle tissue in the body:

  • Skeletal muscles, also called voluntary or striated muscles, are muscles whose action is under voluntary control
  • Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
  • Smooth muscles, also called involuntary or visceral muscles, are muscles whose actions are involuntary
• Any body part attached to a main structure.

  Appendages
• Place of union between two or more bones, also called joints

  Articulation
• Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones

  Cancellous
• Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles

  Cruciate Ligament
• Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

  Hematopoiesis
• Adduction Moves closer to the midline
• Abduction Moves away from the midline
• Flexion Decreases the angle of a joint
• Extension Increases the angle of a joint
• Rotation Moves a bone around its own axis
• Pronation Turns the palm down
• Supination Turns the palm up
• Inversion Moves the sole of the foot inward
• Eversion Moves the sole of the foot outward
• Dorsiflexion Elevates the foot
• Plantar flexion Lowers the foot (points the toes)
• fleshy attachments, muscle fibers arise directly from bone
• fibrous attachments, the connective tissue converges at the end of the muscle to become continuous and indistinguishable from the periosteum
• fibrous attachment spans a large area of a particular bone, the attachment is called an aponeurosis