resources

• what is the difference between renewable and non renewable resource?

  renewable resource can be reformed at a similar rate to they are used up by humans

  non renewable cannot be formed quickly enough to be considered replaceable.
• examples of a natural resource?

  water

  metal ores

  crude oil
• examples of agrictural product?

  cotton

  sugar cane
• examples of synthetic product?

  polymers

  ceramics
• what is meant by a composite?

  a material formed from fibres held together by a binder
• what is concrete made from?

  gravel in cement
• what is wood made from?

  cellulose in lignin
• what is carbon fibre made from?

  carbon nanotubes in a polymer
• what is fibreglass made from?


  glass fibres in a polymer
• how does fresh water source work in order to get potable water?

  filter/screen to remove solids

  bubble chlorine/ozone to kill bacteria
• how does salt water source work in order to get potable water?

  distillation

  reverse osmosis
• what are the 4 processes used to treat waste water?

  1)screening to remove large solids

  2)sediments to remove smaller solids

  3)aerobic digestion of effluent

  4)anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
• what are the 4 areas that a life cycle assessment will cover when a product is analysed?

  -extracting and processing raw materials

  -manufacturing and packaging

  -use and operation during lifetime

  -disposal at the end of its useful life including transport
• why does thermosetting have higher melting points than thermosoftening polymers?

  thermosetting polymers have cross links between chains which are difficult to break

  thermosoftening polymers only have weak IMF between chains
• why is it important to reuse,recycle and reduce our products?

  -the use of limited resources

  -energy sources

  -waste

  -environmental impact
• what are the 2 different types of polythene?

  HDPE and LDPE are manufactured from the ethene monomer but using different conditions to achieve different properties.
• why are phytoming and bioleaching and scrap iron now being used to extract copper from ores?

  -lower energy methods which conserves fossil fuels

  -remaining copper ores are low quality
• what are the properties of ceramics

  brittle

  insulators with high melting points
• how is clay(a ceramic) formed?

  moulded and heated to harden
• how is soda-lime glass(a ceramic) formed?

  sand,limestone and sodium carbonate are heated to high temperatures
• how is borosilicate glass(a ceramic) formed?

  a mixture of sand and boron trioxide is heated

  then cools
• what are 3 methods used to reduce corrosion of metals?

  paint/grease

  electroplating

  galvanising
• what is electroplating?

  coat a metal with silver or another metal
• what is meant by galvanising?

  the process of depositing a protective layer of zinc on steel or iron
• what is gold(an alloy)used for?

  jewellery
• what is bronze(an alloy)used for?


  ornaments
• what is low carbon steel(an alloy)used for?


  cars
• what is aluminium alloys(an alloy)used for?

  cans
• what is stainless steel(an alloy)used for?


  cuttlery
• what type of salts are found in NPK fertilisers?

  Phosphates

  Nitrates

  Potassium Salts
• why are different methods used to produce ammonium nitrate in a lab compared to in industry?

  there are different energy and safety issues to consider,as well as the rate of reaction