16 marker (reasons for migration)

• War 1

  Empire Wind rush post WW2.

  British labour shortage due to retirement, injuries and deaths.

  Jamaican men seeked employment in Britain such as transport, healthcare and construction.

  migrated due to hurricanes and lack of work in Jamaica.

  Faced many boundaries e.g. Colour bar.
• War 2

  Viking invasion of Britain.

  Raided monasteries and attacked monks for wealth - gold, silver and treasures.

  Settled in Britain due to rich trade centre and fertile farmland.

  Huge economic opportunity for Vikings.

  Invited families to settle in Britain.
• Religion 1

  Jewish migration to Britain in 1290.

  Blamed for Russian Emperor assassination.

  Were restricted - e.g. number of Jews allowed in schools.

  Faced religious attacks called Pogroms.

  In England, faced persecution, high rent, hostility and poor pay.

  Took on 3 kinds of work - shoe, clothes and furniture making.

  Jewish communities - London, Manchester, Leeds and Glasgow.
• Religion 2

  The Huguenots.

  St Bartholomew’s Day massacre.

  10,000 Protestant Huguenots murdered in Paris.

  Attacked again after Edict of Nantes was revoked.

  Edict of Nantes protected Protestants.

  50,000 Huguenots fled to England.

  Worked in paper mills (200 paper mills supplied over 70% of British paper).

  Faced discrimination in Britain - accused of carrying diseases and stealing jobs.
• Role of the individual 1

  Amin (Uganda).

  Claimed he had a dream where God told him to expel all of the Ugandan Asians.

  He ordered many massacres - 500,000 deaths.

  Gave him a bad reputation.

  Caused 26,000 Asians to flee to Britain for their safety.
• Role of the Individual 2

  Claudia Jones (Britain).

  Worked with organisations to campaign against housing injustices, workplace discrimination and racist immigration policies.

  Helped to launch Notting Hill carnival, now on every year.

  Helped to bring Caribbean culture to the forefront of British life.

  Encouraging Caribbean migration to Britain.