16 marker (loss of empires and colonies)

• Role of the individual 1

  King john loss of angevin empire.

  He didnt have enough money to keep control of the French land - he was spending money on wars.

  Resulted in losing most French land in Angevin empire - left Gascony

  Also tried raising taxes but it didnt work and upset the baron.

  He couldn't provide enough money ti maintain the Angevin Empire.
• Role of the individual 2

  Ghandi worked towards independence of India.

  Sent letter to New Delhi asking for independence peacefully.

  Refused to pay salt tax- major source of income for Britain.

  Had meeting with British and pushed for gradual independence.

  Independence gained pushed by Ghandi.
• War 1

  American war of independence.

  Battle of Yorktown (1781) - bad defeat for Britain, effectively ended the war.

  Treaty of Paris ended it in 1783.

  America gained independence from Britain.
• War 2

  Hundred years war.

  Henry V died, French has perfect opportunity to attack the British.

  So, in 1429, British defeat at Orleans by Joan of arc.

  French drove English out and regained French territories.
• Economic resources 1

  Debt after WW2.

  Meant that Britain would struggle to control a large empire.

  With fewer resources, colonies were able to force Britain to grant their independence e.g. Gold Coast, Kenya and Cyprus.
• Economic resources 2

  Suez Crisis.

  1956, Egypt's president took over control of Suez Canal.

  British valued it, as it was on the route to India.

  When British and French troops landed in the Canal Zone, they were forced to withdraw.

  Britain allowed independence in colonies they thought were stable enough.