Untitled

• Democracy - A system of government in which the people are sovereign and have the right to govern themselves
• authoritarianisim - a system of government of the few characterized by the suppression of individual freedom.
• The people refer to the citizen who are members of a political and socio-cultural community called the nation-state
• Representative Democracy - people are chosen to act on behalf of another group.
• Trustee model - individuals are chosen bassed on the activities that set them apart from others.
• Delegate Model - representative only act based on the guidance of that constituents.
• Mandate Model - relies on the platform of a political party.
• Resemblance model - argues that leaders must originate from the group of sector they claim to represent.
• Direct democracy - recognizes the ability of the people to create and implement policies for themselves.
• Initiative - ordinary citizens propose a measure that needs to receive enough signatures to be passed as a law.
• Recall - registered voters gather signature to remove an official from office.
• Referendum - is conducted to allow the people to decide wether or not to adopt a new policy.
• Classical Democracy - refers to the system of government practicce in ancient athens.
• liberal democracy - the type of democcracy that western countries such as the unitied states and the united kingdom promotes to the rest of the world
• liberalism - emphasizes respect for individuals' rights, freedom, and reason.
• tyranny of the majority - voted to deprive minorities of their freedom of speech.
• social democracy - aims to create enabling environments for real freedom to be experienced.
• Radical Democracy - built on the idea of contestation
• Competition of power - power is not concentrated in the hands of an individual or a group.
• Competing for power rests on the principle that an official or government only gain legitimacy through the consent of the government.
• Participation in civil and political life - demoract recognizes the right of the individuals to participate in the decision-making progress.
• Respect for individual rights - aside from being adopted by the majority or through the consensus of the community must also promote and respect the rights of individual.
• Rule of Law - a standard for decission making based on impartial laws.
• Free elections and vote-based systems - instituted to ensure that power is distrubuted among various groups.
• Citizen participation- composed of various practices intended to ampify the demand or grievance of a group or hold public offficials accountable.
• Majority rule - aimed to promote the general welffare of the people
• respect for minority - adopted to guarantee the equal protection of minority groupss.
• democratic participation - provides the constituents oppurtnity to influence public decisions and to be a component of the democratic decision-making progress.
• democractic equality - is an ideal of justice as sufficiency.
• social sphere - includes the human capital of the sstate.
• informational sphere - focuses on providing universal access to informational resources allowing the citizens to unite through shared knowledge.
• organizational sphere - includes the political, military, managerial and legal structure of a state.
• technical sphere - includes the material and economic resources of the state.
• Representative democracy - is a system that allows citizens to elect their government representatives in the different brahcnes of government to rule on their behalf.
• political authority - means grandting an individual or member of the government the right to rule over the citizens to implement the law and government policies.
• sovereignity - defines as the ulitmate power of the country to control its government
• mandate - is a directive of formal order granted to the representative to govern and speak for their constituents.
• free mandate - is a grant of authorization to the representative withouth sstrict conditions and restrcitions set by the electorate
• political equality - refers to the equal right of citizens to have a voice in governmental decisions
• participatory democracy - is a type of democcracy that includes citizens in the process of creating and deciding on policies