P1

• wave length

  the distance of one entire oscillation of that wave
• amplitude

  maximum displacement from the equilibrium (x-asis)
• time period

  time it takes for one entire oscillation of a wave
• transverse wave

  a wave where oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
• longitudinal wave

  a wave where oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
• when light hits a material it can be: reflected, absorbed or transmitted.
• which letter shows the angle of incidence?

  D

  
• which letter shows the angle of reflection?

  E

  
• which letter shows the normal?

  B

  
• which letter shows the point of incidence?

  F

  
• which letter shows the reflected ray?

  C

  
• which letter shows the incoming ray?

  A

  
• specular reflections occur on surfaces where the boundary is flat
• diffuse reflections occur on surfaces where the boundary is bumpy
• refraction

  change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another and is caused by it's change in speed
• all electromagnetic waves (rich men ignore very ugly ex girlfriends)

  radio waves, micro waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays
• as you go up the electromagnetic waves chart, the frequency increases and the wavelength decreases
• which waves can be used in communication?

  radio waves and micro waves
• which waves are ionising?

  x-rays and gamma rays
• objects that are hotter than their surrounding emit more energy than they absorb
• radio waves are created using an alternating current
• A is a transmitter, B is a receiver

  
• microwaves that can be absorbed by water molecules are used for: microwave ovens
• microwaves that cannot be absorbed by water molecules are used for: satellite communication
• infrared is emitted from all objects that have thermal heat energy
• infrared cameras specialise in spotting live organisms because..

  animals are warmer than the surrounding environment and therefore emit more infrared radiation

  infrared cameras can detect the infrared radiation emitted by animals
• what is fluorescence?

  Ultraviolet light energy being absorbed and re-emitted as visible light
• how x-rays work

  x-rays are fired at the patient

  x-rays are absorbed by materials which are very dense, like bones.

  x-rays are transmitted through materials which are not very dense, like lungs and intestines.

  the x-rays that pass through are detected by a detector plate to form an x-ray image.
• higher power lenses are..

  more curved

  made from a material which refracts stronger
• an objects colour depends on..

  wavelengths of light absorbed by that object

  wavelengths of light reflecting off the object

  wavelengths of light hitting the object
• the function of the ear drum is to transmit the vibrations of the sound wave to the ossicles 
• A is the ear drum

  B is the semi-circular canals

  C is the ossicles

  D is the cochlea

  
• the role of the auditory nerve is to carry electric signals from the cochlea to the brain
• the role of the cochlea is to convert vibrations into electric signals
• ultra sound is sound above human hearing
• P-waves are longitudinal waves
• P-waves can travel through liquids and solids, whereas S-waves can only travel through solids
• S-waves are transverse waves