Practice Test/ Module Quizzes

• Anderson and Neely


  Harder to remember whether you turned off the stove this morning if you make yourself breakfast on it every morning than if you rarely use it.
• Patient P.F.'s brain lesion resulted in selective impairment of neural systems responsible for:

  ill-structured problem representations and computations.
• Which view of perception describes people as adding to and distorting the information in the proximal stimulus to obtain a percept?

  constructivist
• Results from dichotic listening studies indicate that, while a person is shadowing one message, they notice which of the following features of the unattended message?

  whether it is speech or simply noise

  whether it was spoken by a man or a woman
• A general impairment in the ability to interpret visual stimuli (although "seeing" is intact) is referred to as


  visual agnosia
• Based on the work of Collins and Quillian (1969), and the notion of cognitive economy, which statement would be verified faster?


  One which's node is related directly to the subject, not higher up in the hierarchy
• Symbolic Distance Effect (Moyer)


  People are faster to respond when the two objects differ greatly
• What type of intelligence refers to the ability to understand other people's emotions, motivations, and desires? (Gardner)


  Interpersonal Intelligence
• Problems for Prototype View


  fails to capture people's knowledge about the limits of conceptual boundaries

  fails to account for why the judged typically of an instance depends on the context
• People with _____ agnosia have difficulty naming objects they have seen or drawn, and it is typically correlated with bilateral brain damage


  associative
• Which view of perception claims that the light hitting the retina contains highly organized information that requires little or no interpretation?


  Direct Perception
• Vowels in English are spoken without obstructing airflow.
• How does learning occur in connectionist models?


  Back propagation
• Connectionist Models


  no need to hypothesize a central processor that directs the ow of information from one process or storage area to another. Instead, different patterns of activation account for the various cognitive processes
• After an accident, Jeffery experienced problems with his vision, despite having no damage to his eyes. Jeffery may have sustained damage to his ______


  Occipital Lobe
• Which of the following approaches involves the manipulation and random assignment of different levels of an independent variable?

  Experiment
• According to Posner and Raichle (1994), when attention needs to be disengaged from a task, the _______ becomes more active. 


  Posterior Parietal Lobe
• Utility theory is an example of:

  An idealized description of decision-making.

  Normative Model
• Making decisions in an ideal way, which results in ideal performance are explained by which models of decision making?

  Normative
• What areas of the brain play a critical role in decision making?


  Prefrontal Cortex and Insula
• Damage to Broca’s area of the brain is associated with:


  Expressive Aphasia
• The results of Kosslyn’s imagery scanning study shows

  Spatial Equivalence
• Shepard and Metzler showed that when participants are asked to mentally rotate an object _____________.

  their reaction times vary depending on how many degrees of rotation is required.
• The notion that a concept shares all of the characteristics of the category it is stored under, unless a specific exception is made, reflects:

  Cognitive Economy
• What holds visual information in a relatively unprocessed form and can hold more information than can be reported?


  Iconic Memory
• Attention is not required for information to enter:

  Iconic Memory
• information is held in short-term memory for


  20-30s
• _______ processes are unaffected by massive amounts of practice and operate in parallel.

  Automatic
• _____________ argues that physical characteristics of a message, such as its location are processed while other information is blocked out unless attended to.

  Broadbent’s filter theory of attention
• Hemispatial Neglect is considered an

  Attentional Disorder
• Behaviourism


  rejected references to unobservable mental states such as consciousness
• Empiricism


  The notions that knowledge comes from experience, that the environment plays a powerful role in determining intellectual ability, and that learning takes place through the mental association between two ideas
• The ecological approach overlaps most with the evolutionary approach
• fMRI measures oxygenation in the blood
• This brain structure controls the pituitary, which is key in regulating basic biological functions, such as hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual arousal


  Hypothalamus
• Mode, quality, intensity, and duration together comprise __________ that Wundt proposed ___________.

  the four building blocks; as the basis for any conscious thought or idea
• A CAT scan involves sending X-Rays through the body.
• The primary relay structure in the forebrain is the thalamus
• With the Cognitive Revolution came the study of internal depictions of information, also known as

  Mental representations
• The forebrain is composed of the 


  Hypothalamus

  Thalamus