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• is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all

  regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 General Assembly resolution 217 A as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Types of Rights

  • Natural Rights

  • Constitutional Rights

  • Statutory Rights
• These are rights that are possessed by every citizen given by God. He created according to his image so that may live a happy life.

  Natural Rights
• These are rights conferred and protected by the constitution and cannot be modified or taken away by the lawmaking body.

  Constitutional Rights
• These are rights provided by laws promulgated by the lawmaking body and, consequently, may be abolished by the same body.

  Statutory Rights
• Classification of Constitutional Rights

  • Political Rights

  • Civil Rights

  • Social and Economic Rights

  • Right of the Accused
• These are rights of the citizens to participate, directly or indirectly, in the

  establishment or administration of the government.

  Political Rights
• These are rights which the law imposes at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.

  Civil Rights
• These are rights intended to ensure the well-being and economic

  security of the individual.

  Social and Economic Rights
• These are the rights for the protection of the person accused of any

  crime.

  Right of the Accused
• • One view holds that the human person is superior, entirely free and absolutely independent from the control and regulation of the State. Hence, the human person must, therefore, have all the rights, which are absolute and limitless. The State, therefore, must ultimately serve the human person in all aspects, maintain and preserve his rights.
  • The State has complete control over the sovereignty of the human person, that his existence depends on the ability of the State to maintain his rights. 


  Misconceptions of Human Rights
• • Rights are not absolute. They are limited by nature, God, and law. For every right, there is a corresponding duty or obligation. If one has his rights, it is the duty of others to respect the right.
  • To preserve social order, rights must be limited. If rights are unlimited, it may result to social conflict, chaos, and consequently anarchism.
  • Since no man is perfect, his rights are therefore imperfect and limited. Many is physically free because of his free will, yet he may not be free spiritually and morally. He still bound to observe moral and spiritual values.

  Limitations of Human Rights
• is not a mere slogan to express concern for the plight of the poor and destitute. It is the mandate of the constitution that requires the adoption of the State of measures that will promote the right of the human person to equality of opportunity in all human endeavor and equitable

  sharing of socio-economic benefits with emphasis to measure that will ameliorate the standard of living of the underprivileged group of individuals.

  Social justice
• in all its forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly those most vulnerable in society, are able to:

  • have their voice heard on issues that are important to them;

  • defend and safeguard their rights; and

  • have their views and wishes genuinely considered when decisions are being made about their lives.

  Advocacy
• Advocacy is a process of supporting and enabling people to:

  • express their views and concerns;

  • access information and services;

  • defend and promote their rights and responsibilities; and

  • explore choices and options
• is the process of enhancing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. Central to this process are actions that both build individual and collective assets, and improve the efficiency and fairness of

  the organizational and institutional context which govern the use of these assets.

  Empowerment
• Four (4) Areas of Practice

  The four (4) key elements of empowerment that must underlie institutional reform are:

  • Access to information
  • Inclusion and participation
  • Accountability
  • Local organizational capacity
• is one (1) of UNESCO's two (2) global priorities, with a commitment to promote equality between women and men across the Organization's mandate

  Gender Equality
• • UNESCO’s five (5) areas of competences
  • Education
  • Natural Sciences
  • Social and Human Sciences
  • Culture
  • Communication and Information
• The male-to-female population ratio in the Philippines is 101 to

  100. However, Filipino women live longer than men, with a life expectancy of 72.5 years compared to 67.2 years for men;

  Male-to-female ratio
• Women also have a slight edge over men in simple literacy rate (94.3% vs. 92.6%) and functional literacy rate (86.3% vs. 81.9%);

  Literacy
• Based on the 2006 Human Development Report, the country’s GDI showed an improvement from 0.751 in 2002 to 0.761 in 2004. Likewise, GEM increased from 0.48 in 1999 to 0.542 in 2004. However, these gains do not necessarily translate into positive measurable changes in the roles and status of women in the country

  Gender Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure
• a recent national survey estimated that around 2.2 million Filipino women or nine (9) percent of all women ages 18 years and above, experienced violence inflicted by their partners. In the past two years, around 70% of child-abuse victims were girls and about 40% of cases were sexual abuse and exploitation;

  Gender-based violence
• The Philippines is recognized as a source, transit, and destination country for cross-border trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation and forced labor. It is estimated that between 60,000 to 100,000 children and over 100,000 women are

  trafficked (internally and externally) annually.

  Trafficking
• The last decade has seen an increase in the number of women in the labor force with 50% of all women working compared to 80% of

  men. In terms of quality of work, 64% of those in higher wage-and-salary jobs and 67% of own-account workers were men. Among the employed women, 50% were wage- salary workers, 33% were own-account workers and 17%, unpaid family workers.

  Access to income and productive resources
• The Philippine Constitution upholds the right of women to sectorial participation in national and local legislative bodies. The Philippines is one of the few countries with a woman President. Four (4) out of 24 senators are women. Women dominate the civil service at the technical level (74%) but are still largely outnumbered by men in decision-making positions (35%). Women account for only 20% of total positions in the judiciary.

  Civil and political rights