pe2

• Frontal Plane


  divides body into front and back
• Saggital plane


  divides the body into a right and left side
• Transverse Plane


  horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
• Saggital axis


  point that runs through a joint from front to back
• Frontal axis


  runs through a joint from side to side
• Longitudinal Axis


  spin around a center
• Flat bones


  Provide protection
• Long bones


  large movements
• short bones


  small precise movement
• irregular bones


  structure and stability
• functions of skeletal system

  blood cell production,movement, protection,shape,support,mineral storage
• Tendons


  attach bone to muscle
• ligament


  attach bone to bone
• synovial membrane


  Produces synovial fluid that lubricates the bones
• cartillage


  soft connective tissue-reduce friction
• Hinge joints


  Elbow,knee,ankle
• Ball and socket


  hip and shoulder
• Agonist


  Prime mover
• Antagonist


  relaxes
• fulcrum


  the joint
• effort


  muscle that contraccts
• load


  thing your lifting
• Pathway of air


  trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
• Features of alveoli


  Covered by cappillaries,short diffusion pathway,large surface area,one cell thick
• Inhale


  Diaohragn moves down,intercoastal muscles contract
• Exhale


  diaphragm relaxes,intercoastala muscles relax
• Arteries


  small lumen,thick muscular walls,carry oxygenated blood
• veins


  Large lumen,thin wall, have valves,carry deoxygenated blood
• Cappillaries


  One cell thick walls,small lumen
• Vasoconstriction


  Blood vessels narrower
• Vasolidation


  Blood vessels widen
• cardiac output


  volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
• stroke volume


  volume of blood ejected from heart per contraction
• Short term effects of exercise

  Increase in breathing rate,increase in heart rate,red in colour,hot,sweaty,fatigue,muscle soreness
• long term effects of exercise

  Hypertrophy,resting heart rate lowers,chnage in body shape,improvement to cardiovascualr endurance and muscle endurance
• Agility


  Ability to change direction quickly
• Balance


  maintain center of mass over base of support
• cardiovascular endurance


  ability of heart and lungs to supply oxygen to working muscles for a sustained period of time
• coordination


  The ability to use two or more body parts together
• flexibility


  The range of movement possible at a joint