biology

• Nucleotides


  busing block of any nucleic acid
• Nucleic Acid


  Largest molecule
• Deoxyribose


  Dna Sugar
• Ribose


  Rna sugae
• T, A , C , G , U

  Polynucleotides
• Nitrogenous bases


  are either purines pyrimidines
• Purine


  Adenine and Guanine
• Pyrimidine


  Cytosine and Thymine Uracil(Rna)
• Dna


  Double stranded helix
• Rna


  single stranded with uracil instead of thymine
• Dna


  repiratory of genetic information
• Dna


  -Sequences of bases encodes the blue print of life process
• RNA


  Information in the form of base sequence us transformed to mRNA tRNA rRNA
• Dna


  The template copied into RNA by base pairing G with C and A with U
• 4 Structurql levels of Protein

  Primary

  Secondary

  Tertiary

  Quarternary
• Primary


  Sequence of amino acids in the linear polypeptide chain
• Secondary


  Polypeptide chains from helix or a pleated sheet

  
  

  Alpha Helix

  Beta pleated sheet
• Tertiary


  Coiling of the polypeptide

  ​
• Quarternary


  association of two or more polypeptide
• Cell Cycle


  makes a copy of dna

  ​
• Interphase


  ng yayari dna replication
• Interphase


  Cell division
• Preparatory stage


  Priniprepare yung Dna for cell division
• Interphase


  90% longest phase of the cycle
• Cell division


  10%
• Interphase


  Cell grows and make a dna copy
• Gap 1 Growth 1

  Cell grows in size copies
• Organelle S (Synthesis)


  Copies dna, Copies
• Centrosome G2 (Growth 2)


  Cell grows more reorganize prepare for mitosis
• Molecular Genetic


  Study of molecules
• deoxirybonucleic acid (DNA)


  first molecule

  molecule that carries genetic information of an organism
• 4 major characteristibg


  Replication

  Store of information

  Expression of information

  Genetic variation
• DNA


  double stranded molecule consistbof long chains of monomers called nucleotides
• Nucleotide


  Composed of pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenoud bases
• phosphodiester bond


  Nucleotifes are linkrd by

  
  

  one nuclrotide one phosphate
• Deoxyribonucleic acid


  consist of two long chains of polymers called nucleotides
• Hydrogen bond


  Nitrogenous base are formed
• phosphodiester bond


  Nag kakabit kay adenine thymine guanine cytocine
• Two helix


  3-5 Leading strand

  5-3 Lagging strand
• Pentose sugar


  monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms