weimar germany

• When was the armistice signed?

  November 11, 1918
• How many German troops died in WW1?

  2 million
• How many germans died because of food shortages?

  750,000
• When did the Kaiser abdicate?

  9th November 1918
• Who is Friedrich Ebert?


  Leader of the Social Democratic movement in Germany
• What was the armistice?

  The peace agreement between Germany and the allies
• Strengths of the Weimar Constitution

  -'Proportional Representation'

  
  

  -Women could vote

  
  

  -Voting age reduced from 25 to 21

  
  

  - President election every 7 years
• Weaknesses of Weimar Constitution

  -Proportional Representation led to unstable parties and weak policies-often fell apart

  
  

  -Article 48, president could pass laws without the consent of the Reichstag

  
  

  -Not choice of people - not popular
• How much was to be paid to the allies in the TOV?

  £6600 million
• What was the military forces limited to because of TOV?

  -100,000 soldiers

  
  

  -Navy, 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats

  
  

  -No submarines

  
  

  - No military on the Rhineland (Land bordering France)
• What land did Germany lose?

  13% of European territory

  
  

  11 of its colonies
• What is article 241?

  War guilt clause
• What are the Spartacists?

  -Left wing

  
  

  -Had soviet banking

  
  

  -Based in Berlin

  
  

  -Led by Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht

  
  

  -Came from Independent Socialist party
• What are the Friekorps?

  -Right wing

  
  

  -Made up of ex-soldiers who still had weapons

  
  

  -Had 250000 men in March 1919

  
  

  -Organised by regular army
• What was the Spartacists Revolt?

  -January 1919

  
  

  -Took over newspapers and tried to organise a strike in Berlin

  
  

  -Spartacist leaders were shot

  
  

  -Weimar governments sent Freikorps units to put down revolt
• What was the Kapp Putsch?

  -March 1920

  
  

  -Freikorps troops, fearing unemployment marched on Berlin

  
  

  -Head of army refused to resist Friekorps

  
  

  -Caused so much chaos with strike, Kapp would not rule Germany and was forced to flee
• What were some political attacks on the Weimar Republic?

  -Political assassinations

  
  

  -Right winged parties in the Reichstag

  
  

  -Left winged parties in the Reichstag

  
  

  -Spartacists Revolt

  
  

  -Kapp Putsch
• Negative effects of hyperinflation

  • People couldn't afford essentials

  
  

  • Wages rose up

  
  

  • Business went bankrupt

  
  

  • Savings became worthless

  
  

  • Weimar government became unpopular
• Positive effects of hyperinflation

  • Farmers benefitted

  
  

  • Able to pay off loans and mortgages

  
  

  • Rooms/shops became cheap

  
  

  • Foreigners got more for their money
• What happened in January 1923?

  French troops invaded the Ruhr, to take reparations in goods and raw material. German workers went on strike.
• What years did Germany make a recovery?

  1923-29
• Who made the new currency and what was it called?

  The new chancellor - Stresemann

  Rentonmark
• What was the Dawes Plan?

  In 1924, Charles Dawes an American banker made a plan so Germany could pay reparations.

  
  

  Instalments were temporarily reduced to £50m a year

  
  

  US banks gave them loans
• When was the Young Plan?


  August 1929
• What did the Young Plan do?

  -Reduced reparations to £2 billion

  
  

  -Payments could be made until 1988

  
  

  -Lower reparations=lower taxes

  
  

  -Opposition=burden for future generations
• What was the Locarno Pact?

  -1925

  
  

  - It was also known as the Rhineland Pact

  
  

  -It was a treaty between Germany, GB, France, Italy and Belgium

  
  

  -They agree to the borders

  
  

  -The allied troops leave the Rhineland and promise peace

  
  

  -They discuss Germany joining the league of nations
• What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact?


  an international agreement, signed by 62 in 1928, to stop using war as a method of national policy
• What was the League of Nations?

  an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations
• Changes in wages and work after 1924

  -Working hours reduced

  
  

  -Wages rose

  
  

  -Hyperinflation made employment insecure

  
  

  -Working conditions improved
• 1924-29


  "golden years" - changes in art, cinema and architecture
• When did hitler become leader of the Nazi Party?


  July 1921
• Who was the 25 point plan written by?

  Hitler and Drexler
• When was the 25 point programme introduced?

  1920
• What was the 25 point programme?

  -Increase pensions

  -Get rid of TOV

  -No jewish citizens

  -Equal rights

  -Expand Germany

  -Laws for compulsory sports
• Who were the SA?

  Armed groups of unemployed soldiers who harassed opponents of the Nazis - brown shirts
• When was the SA formed?

  August 1921
• What was the Munich Putsch?


  1923, Hitler tried to take control of Germany.
• Consequences of Munich Putsch


  Hitler was imprisoned and the NSDAP was banned (9 months)

  
  

  Failed because of lack of support

  
  

  Hitler used the trial to gain publicity

  
  

  Wrote Mein Kampf in prison

  
  

  Hitler realised he needed to stop the violence and he needed to take power ethically
• Thought positives of Hitler were...

  -Strong leader

  -Lots of publicity

  -Gave speeches and on radios

  -Used technology, like aeroplanes
• Who was Paul von Hindenburg?

  The president of the Weimar Republic from 1925 - 1934