Geology review

• Geologic Eras


  • Precambrian
  • Paleozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Cenozoic
• Precambrian Era


  • Poisonous gas and molten lava
• Paleozoic Era


  • Canadian shield erodes and fills shallow seas
  • Primitive marine life dominant and first land animals appear
• Mesozoic Era


  • Continents are drifting, dinosaurs are dominant form of life
• Cenozoic Era


  • Continents move to where they are today, dinosaurs die, humans appear
• Theory of continental drift

  Alfred Wagener - continents were once one landmass called Pangaea
• Proofs of continental drift

  • Evidence of similar fossils from plants and animals in Africa and South America
  • South America and Africa look like they fit together like a puzzle piece
  • Mountains in Europe and North America similar in age and rock type
  • Evidence of ice sheets in Southern Africa and India
• Theory of plate tectonics

  Canadian Tuzo Wilson - states that the crust is made up of different plates that move
• Plate types


  • 7 major plates
  • 13 minor plates
• Plate movement


  Caused by convection currents located in the mantle
• Earth's interior layers


  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Outer core
  • Inner core
• Plate boundaries


  • Convergent
  • Divergent
  • Transform fault
• Igneous rocks

  • Formed by hot magma solidifying
  • Examples: Granite, Pumice, Basalt, Obsidian
  • Contains: Silica glass bottles
• Sedimentary rocks

  • Formed by tiny bits of rock, sand, dirt over a long period of time
  • Examples: LimestonContainse, Sandstone, Shale
  • Conatins: Fossils, coal, Natural Gasses, and oil
• Metamorphic rocks

  • Formed by intense heat and pressure
  • Examples: Marble, quartzite
  • Contains: Minerals
• Geological phenomena


  • Earthquakes
  • Volcanoes
  • Glaciation
• Things glaciers create


  • Erratics
  • Striations
  • U-shaped valleys
  • Till
  • Drumlins
• Landform regions

  • Highlands: Western Cordillera, Innuitian mountains, Appalachian mountains
• Canadian shield


  Oldest landform region
• Look over how each landform region was created and a couple sentences that describes it
• Landform regions

  
  

  Lowlands: Hudson's bay/Arctic lowlands, Great-lakes/St. Lawrence and Interior plains
• The Canadian Shield consists mainly of Precambrian rocks (over 4 billion years old) that have been exposed by erosion.
• The Canadian Shield covers approximately one third of Canada’s total area.
• The Canadian Shield has many lakes and rivers due to its rocky terrain and lack of soil.
• The Rock cycle