A&P 1 Exam 4

• Anterior end


  Develops into the 3 primary vesicles (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon)
• 3 vesicles


  Become 5 secondary divisions
• Prosencephalon (front of brain)


  Becomes the telencephalon (cortex) and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
• Mesencephalon


  Middle of the brain
• Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata make up the brainstem and surround the brain
• Medulla oblongata


  Transports information from the spinal cord to the brain
• Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata


  Bring information from the spinal cord to the brain, and then from the brain to the rest of the body
• Spinal cord

  Tube shaped with posterior neurons for sensory functions and anterior neurons for motor functions
• Cephalic flexure


  Major curvature between brain stem and forebrain
• Ventricles


  Remnants of the hollow neural tube, CSF circulates through the ventricles
• Ventricles


  Allow for shape
• Cerebrum


  Largest part of the brain, divided into lobes, separated into hemispheres (left and right), houses the lateral ventricles, covered by the cerebral cortex (higher functions)
• Cerebrum


  Responsible for logical thinking, emotional thinking, and emotions
• Cerebellum


  Second largest part of the brain, important for motor control
• Diencephalon


  Contains everything ending in 'thalamus'
• Brainstem


  Oldest region of the brain, most responsible for homeostatic functions
• Lobe


  Section of brain named for corresponding bone
• Gyrus


  Ridge of a wrinkle
• Sulcus


  Groove between gyri, lobes separated by major sulci
• Fissure


  Very large sulcus that splits the brain into left and right hemispheres
• Rostral


  Closer to the forehead
• Caudal


  Closer to the cauda equina
• Cortex


  External thin layer of gray matter, where we interpret information
• Nucleus


  Collection of gray matter deeper inside the white matter
• Central sulcus


  Separates frontal and parietal lobes
• Lateral sulcus


  Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
• Longitudinal fissure


  Separates right and left hemispheres
• Precentral gyrus


  Just anterior to central sulcus, primary motor area
• Postcentral gyrus


  Just posterior to central sulcus, primary sensory area
• Occipital lobe


  Primary visual perception, vision is processed in temporal and parietal lobes as well
• Temporal lobe


  Primary auditory sensation, important in long-term memory, Wernicke's area on the left hemisphere
• Wernicke's area


  Where we understand speech and words we're speaking, damage can impair language comprehension
• Parietal lobe


  Responsible for general sensation in the body and touch
• Frontal lobe


  Responsible for motor functions, has Broca's area on the left hemisphere, responsible for decision making and personality
• Corpus callosum


  Communication between right and left hemispheres
• Basal nuclei


  Responsible for cognitive processes and motor planning
• Basal forebrain


  Important for learning and memory
• Limbic cortex


  Region of cerebral cortex, involved in emotion, memory, and behavior
• Premotor area


  Responsible for thinking of movement to be made
• Frontal eye fields


  Responsible for voluntary eye movements based on vision, Brodmann area