Sts 6

• Course Title


  Science, Technology, and Society
• Course Description


  This interdisciplinary course engages students to confront the realities brought about by science and technology in society
• Topic

  INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
• Copernican Revolution


  Articulated by the Polish, mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century
• The theories and ideas from ancient thinkers about the natural world and the universe laid the foundation of how we understand astronomy today
• The fact that the earth is not the center of the solar system is only one of the results of the scientific revolution
• Mathematics was the common tool used by ancient astronomers to explain the motion of celestial bodies and on the latter combined with actual observations that provided enough pieces of evidence proving that the sun is the center of the solar system
• Geocentric Model


  Any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth is assumed to be at the center of it all
• Heliocentrism


  A cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point (e.g., of the solar system or the universe) while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it
• This era began what was known as the scientific revolution which resulted in the transformation of society's thoughts and beliefs
• Notable contributions of ancient astronomers to the development of the universe

  • Aristotle (384-322 B.C., Greek)
  • Aristarchus (310-230 B.C., Greek)
  • Hipparchus (190-120 B.C., Greek)
  • Claudius Ptolemy (85-165 A.D., Greek)
  • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543,Polish)
  • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642, Italian)
  • Johannes Kepler ( 1571-1630,German)
• Darwinian Revolution


  Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time
• Charles Darwin


  An English naturalist, biologist, and geologist who popularized the theory of evolution and the process of natural selection
• Theory of evolution


  • Posited that populations pass through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive
  • Overproduction and variation
  • Competition and selection
  • Environmental change
• Freudian Revolution


  Introduced by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) an Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis
• Psychoanalysis


  The study that explains human behavior
• The Topographical Model of the Mind


  • Conscious mind
  • Preconscious mind/ Subconscious
  • Unconscious mind
• The Structural Model of the Mind

  • Ego
  • Id
  • Super-ego
• Science and technology have changed the human landscape. Man tends to show unlimited contentment
• A human being is endowed with innate abilities and characteristics that let him sustain his function and survive in the given environment. In the very center of being is an unexplainable thirst that longs for happiness, serenity, and fulfillment
• Aristotelianism


  Aristotle believed that human beings have a natural desire and capacity to know and understand the world through action
• Technology imitates nature, such that there is no place for authentic human creativity
• Technology cannot reproduce or change natural things
• Technology will be judged as either good or bad based on the value given to the product based on its use and effect on society
• Technological Pessimism


  Supported by French philosopher Jacques Ellul ( 1912-1994)
• Technological Pessimism


  • Technological progress has a price
  • Technological progress creates more problems
  • Technological progress creates damaging effects
  • Technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects
• Technological Optimism


  This view is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for problems that may come
• Existentialism


  Popularized by Martin Heidegger
• Technology is "a way of revealing"
• Technology embodies a specific way of revealing the world, a revealing in which humans take power over reality
• Technology reveals the world as raw material, available for production and manipulation
• Epicurus viewpoint


  Pleasure is the norm of morality. Reiterates the intelligent choice and practical wisdom to measure pleasure against pain to attain well-being
• Nietzsche's viewpoint


  Happiness is an ideal state of laziness; laziness is described as to not have any worries or distress in life. Man's ultimate desire of living is to flourish and to experience a life of well-being
• Resources


  • Aldea, K.,Hans,Carona., Candido, M. Science, Technology and Society ( OBE Ready). Mandaluyong City. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp,2018.
  • Denzyl Hubert S. Bautista et. Al. Science Technology and Society.Quezon City. MaxCor Publishing House, Inc, 2018.