PSY 102 Module 10

• Intelligence


  The capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment
• Cultural Intelligence


  Used to describe a person's ability to adapt to a variety of challenges in diverse cultures
• Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon


  • Distinguish normal learners from learners with mental retardation
  • Intelligence as a function of the ability to learn within an academic setting
• Intelligence Quotient (IQ)


  A ratio of Mental Age (MA)/ Chronological Age (CA) x 100
• Lewis Terman


  • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• David Wechsler


  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
  • Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- Revised as a Neurological Instrument (WAIS-RN)
• General Factor "g"


  Pervades performance on all tests of mental ability; the result of "mental energy"
• Specific Factor "s"


  Involved in performance on only a single type of mental ability test
• Primary Mental Abilities


  • Verbal Comprehension
  • Verbal Fluency
  • Inductive Reasoning
  • Spatial Visualization
  • Numbers
  • Memory
  • Perceptual Speed
• Fluid Ability


  Speed and accuracy of abstract reasoning
• Crystallized Ability


  Accumulated knowledge and vocabulary
• Choice Reaction Time


  The time it takes to select one answer from among several possibilities
• People with higher IQ


  Are faster than those with lower IQ
• Lexical-Access Speed and Speed of Simultaneous Processing


  The speed with which we can retrieve information about words stored in long-term memory
• People with low verbal ability


  Take longer to gain access to lexical information than do those with high verbal ability
• Intelligence


  Is also related to the person's ability to divide their attention
• Brain Size or Volume

  • Modest but significant statistical relationship between brain size and intelligence
  • Greater brain size may cause greater intelligence, greater intelligence may cause greater brain size
• Neural Efficiency


  • Brain metabolism of glucose during mental activities
  • Higher intelligence correlates with low levels of glucose metabolism during problem-solving tasks
  • Smarter brains consume less sugar and expend less effort than do less smart brains
• Contextualism


  • Intelligence must be understood in its real-world context
  • Intelligence as something that a culture creates to define the nature of adaptive performance in that culture
• Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

  • Linguistic Intelligence
  • Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
  • Spatial Intelligence
  • Musical Intelligence
  • Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
  • Interpersonal Intelligence
  • Intrapersonal Intelligence
  • Naturalistic Intelligence
• Sternberg's Triarchic Theory


  • Analytical Thinking
  • Experiential/Creative Thinking
  • Practical Thinking