MOVEMENTS

• School


  A group of artists who share the same style, teacher, goals, manifestoes, or belief. They are typically linked to a single location.
• Style


  A fairly encompassing term which can refer to several aspects of art such as techniques employed by the artist to produce an artwork.
• Movement


  A group of artists who share a common style, theme, or ideology towards their art. Unlike a school, these artists need not be in the same location, or even in communication with each other.
• Medium


  The materials used to create an artwork, e.g. oil, acrylic, watercolor, bronze, marble, etc.
• Common mediums in painting

  • Oil
  • Acrylic
  • Watercolor
  • Fresco
  • Crayon
  • Pastel
  • Pencil
• Common mediums in sculpture

  • Bronze
  • Marble
  • Basalt
  • Ivory
  • Animal bones
  • Copper
  • Wood
• Performance art


  Uses the artist's own body as the material or medium
• Primitive art


  • Primarily focused on creating both practical and beautiful artworks, often represented scenes of hunting and deities
  • Refers to the cultural artifacts of primate peoples, with different historical periods and remote creations from the geographical point of view
• Primitive art

  • Oceanic Art (Pacific islands)
  • African Art (Sub-Saharan)
  • Aboriginal Art (Australia)
  • Rock Art from South-East Asia and the Americas
• Egyptian art


  • Produced by the civilization in the lower Nile Valley from 5000 BCE to 300 CE
  • Included sculpture, painting, architecture, and other arts
  • Emphasis on life after death and the preservation of knowledge of the past
• Ancient Egyptian art in a narrower sense refers to those developed from 3000 BCE to the third century
• Greek art


  • Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic are the typical periods
  • Images of gods, humans, and heroes
  • Manifested the Greeks' self-awareness in the manner they decided to mirror themselves and the world, both real and imaginary
• Roman art

  • Greatly influenced by the Greeks
  • Spanned almost 1000 years in three continents: Europe, Africa, and Asia
  • Included a broad spectrum of media including painting, marble, silver and bronze work, terracotta, and gems
• Chinese art


  • Traditions covering a vast and ever-changing geopolitical landscape, continuous in the world
  • Varied due to change in times and dynasties
  • Can be traced to 5000 B.C. when Stone Age people made decorated objects of bones, stones, and pottery
• Japanese art


  • Shows unique styles and means of expression, including ceramics, sculpture, painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, the ukiyo-e woodblock prints, origami, and more recently, manga
  • Considered one of the greatest treasures of the world
  • Spans from the beginning of human settlements, in about 10,000 BC, to the present
• Japonisme


  The Japanese art craze that took place in Europe in the 1870s due to trade with Japan
• Artists influenced by Japanese art

  • Édouard Manet
  • Edward William Godwin
  • James Whistler
• Medieval art

  • Spanned from 300 AD, the fall of the Roman Empire to 1400 AD, the beginning of the Renaissance
  • Included biblical subjects, Christian dogmas, and classical mythology
• Early Renaissance (Quattrocento)


  • Dominated the 15th century in Italian art
  • Forebear to the following High Renaissance, North European Renaissance, Mannerism, and Baroque periods
  • Notable artists include Masaccio, Filippo Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico, Andrea Mantegna, and Sandro Botticelli
• High Renaissance


  • Characterized by qualities of harmony and balance
  • Movement is dignified and calm, with a point of focus
  • Artists perfected the depiction of human proportion and emotion
  • Notable artists include Titian, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Da Vinci
• Northern European Renaissance


  • Began around 1430 when Jan van Eyck borrowed Italian Renaissance techniques
  • Art was made accessible to the new burgeoning merchant classes
  • Notable artists include Jan van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch, Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach the Elder, and Hans Holbein the Younger
• Popular artists of the Renaissance period

  • Jan van Eyck
  • Roger van der Weyden
  • Hieronymus Bosch
  • Albrecht Dürer
  • Lucas Cranach the Elder
  • Hans Holbein the Younger
• Ghent Altarpiece by Van Eyck
• Mannerism


  An artistic style that predominated in Italy from the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s to the beginnings of the Baroque style around 1590
• Mannerist style


  • Rejection of the harmony and ideal proportions of the Renaissance
  • Irrational settings
  • Artificial colors
  • Unclear subject matters
  • Elongated forms
• Baroque


  An art history that began at the beginning of the 17th century and continued to evolve until the 18th century
• Baroque style


  • Dramatic, exaggerated motion
  • Clear, easily interpreted detail
  • Produces drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur
• Rococo


  A style in interior design that began in Paris in the early 18th century and was soon adopted throughout France and later in other countries, specifically Germany and Austria
• Neo-classicism


  A revival of the classical past that developed in Europe in the 18th century
• Neo-classicism


  • Art should express the ideal virtues in life and could improve the viewer by imparting a moralizing message
  • Power to civilize, reform, and transform society
• Romanticism


  An attitude or intellectual orientation that was characterized by many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and histography in Western civilization
• Romanticism


  • Disagreement of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that exemplified classicism
  • Embraced individuality and subjectivity
• Realism


  An artistic movement that began in the 1850s and rejected the dominated French literature and art of Romanticism
• Realism


  • Sought to portray "real" contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, including all the unpleasant or sordid aspects of life
• Impressionism


  A major movement, first in painting and later in music that flourished principally in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries
• Impressionist painting


  • Used light brush strokes and less vibrant colors
• Post-Impressionism


  An art movement that concentrated on the artists' subjective visions, as artists opted to evolve emotions rather than realism in their work
• Symbolism

  An important move away from the naturalism of the Impressionists, showing a preference for feeling over intellectualism
• Art Nouveau


  A French term meaning "new art" that was popular between 1890 and 1905
• Art Nouveau


  • Characterized by the use of winding lines, organic forms, and asymmetrical lines
  • Arrangement of elements particularly patterns and rhythms depict a highly decorative outcome