HISTOLOGY FINAL EXAM

• The Oral cavity has a turn over time of 14 days.
• The primitive mouth starts to form at 4 weeks.
• Alveolar mucosa is non-keratinized.
• Neutrophils are the 1st to arrive to the site of injury and are involved in acute, inflammatory response.
• Cementum formation is ongoing throughout life.
• What lines can be seen with the naked eye on the cervical 2/3rds of the crown? Perikymata - external representation of lines of Retzius.
• The Golgi Apparatus is the second largest organelle, sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins from the RER, and releases contents by exocytosis.
• The basement membrane is located between the epithelium and connective tissue. The 2 layers that make up the basal lamina are lamina lucida and reticular lamina.

  
• Meckel's cartilage is important in the formation of the mandible.
• Osteon is the unit of structure in compact bone, contains Haversian canals, and is composed of lamellae.

  
• The Fibrous Matrix of Cementum consists of both Sharpey's Fibers and intrinsic non-periodontal fibers.
• Reticular fibers are composed of reticulin.
• Sometimes odontoblastic processes pass across the DEJ into the enamel and become trapped. When this happens it is called Enamel Spindles.
• Endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes protein and lipid molecules, and modifies, stores, segregates and transports protein.
• Pinocytosis is cell drinking.
• Simple cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells, contributes to secretion, and is found in the ducts of salivary glands and acini.
• The nucleus is the largest, densest organelle.
• Cellular (secondary) cementum is the thickest at the apex of the root.
• Lamina dura is defined as the alveolar bone proper, which lines the tooth socket.

  
• Simple cuboidal epithelium


  Composed of a single layer of cube-like cells
• Simple cuboidal epithelium


  • Contributes to secretion
  • Found in the ducts of salivary glands
  • Also found in the acini
• Nucleus


  • Largest, densest organelle
  • Contains enzymes
  • Packages proteins
  • Destroys worn cell parts
• Cellular (secondary) cementum


  Thickest at the apex of the root
• Lamina dura


  Alveolar bone proper, lines the tooth socket

  
• Root formation begins before the crown is completely formed
• HERS consist of only IEE and OEE
• Primary dentition


  Initiated at 6 weeks
• Loose connective tissue


  • Forms thin membranes between organs and binds them together
  • Serves as protective padding for the deeper structures of the body

  
• Intramembranous ossification


  • Forms within 2 layers of dense connective tissue
  • Uses appositional growth only
• Hypoplasia


  Pitting of enamel because of poor matrix formation
• Cleft lip


  Partial or complete failure of fusion of one or both maxillary processes with the globular process
• Cycle of root formation

  1. Formation of dentin

  2. Lengthening of the root

  3. Deposition of cementum
• Microfilaments do not maintain the shape of the cell, microtubules do
• Embryonic period


  1. Induction

  2. Proliferation

  3. Differentiation

  4. Morphogenesis

  5. Maturation
• Cap stage


  Occurs at 9-10 weeks
• Decalcification


  Chalky areas that are decalcified due to acids or poor oral hygiene
• PDL


  Most common cell is the fibroblast
• Stages of tooth development

  1. Bud

  2. Cap

  3. Bell

  4. Dentinogenesis

  5. Amelogenesis

  6. Crown formation

  7. Root formation

  8. Function
• Anodontia


  Absence of teeth
• Submandibular Gland


  Produces 60-65% of total saliva volume