Cardio vessels 2

• Aorta


  Main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
• Parts of the Aorta

  • Ascending
  • Aortic Arch
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal

  
• Ascending Aorta


  • Posterior to pulmonary trunk
  • Travels superior and anterior
  • Coronary Arteries branch off

  
• Aortic Arch


  • Starts and ends at T4/5
  • Directed superiorly and posteriorly
  • 45 degree RPO/LAO position makes it parallel to the IR

  
• Branches of the Aortic Arch

  • Brachiocephalic Artery (or Trunk)
  • Left Common Carotid Artery
  • Left Subclavian Artery

  
• Brachiocephalic Trunk


  • First branch off the aortic arch
  • Posterior to the right subclavian joint

  
• Arteries supplying the brain

  • Right Common Carotid Artery
  • Left Common Carotid Artery
  • Right Vertebral Artery
  • Left Vertebral Artery

  
• Common Carotid Arteries


  • Branch into Internal and External Carotid Arteries at C4

  
• Internal Carotid Artery


  • Carotid sinus forms the first part
  • Enters skull through carotid canal of temporal bone
  • Branches into Anterior and Middle Cerebral Arteries at pituitary gland

  
• External Carotid Artery


  • Branches at the temporomandibular joint into superficial temporal and facial arteries
  • Supplies the scalp, face, meninges, muscles (almost everything except the brain)

  
• Vertebral Arteries


  • Arise from the Subclavian arteries
  • Ascend through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine
  • Enter the skull through the foramen magnum
  • Right and Left Vertebral Arteries unite to form the Basilar Artery

  
• Circle of Willis


  • Elaborate anastomoses of the entire circulation to the brain
  • Connects the anterior and posterior circulations
  • Connects the right and left circulations
  • Surrounds the pituitary gland

  
• Anterior Communicating Artery


  • Connects both Anterior Cerebral Arteries
  • Provides a right to left shunt (or left to right)

  
• Posterior Communicating Artery


  • Connects the Posterior Cerebral Artery with the Internal Carotid Artery
  • Provides an anterior to posterior shunt (or posterior to anterior)
• Subclavian Artery


  • Supplies blood to the upper extremity, head, and thorax
  • Becomes the Axillary Artery at the lateral edge of the 1st rib
  • Major branches include Internal Thoracic, Vertebral, and Thyrocervical Arteries

  
• Axillary Artery


  • Supplies the scapula, humerus, shoulder, and thoracic muscles
  • Becomes the Brachial Artery when it leaves the axilla

  
• Brachial Artery


  • Often used to obtain blood pressures
  • Branches at the antecubital fossa into the Radial and Ulnar Arteries

  
• Thoracic (Descending) Aorta


  • Extends from T4/5 to T12 (Aortic Hiatus)

  
• Branches of the Abdominal Aorta

  • Inferior Phrenic Arteries
  • Celiac Trunk
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Renal Arteries
  • Gonadal Arteries
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery

  
• Celiac Trunk


  • Comes off the anterior part of the aorta
  • Branches into Left Gastric, Splenic, and Common Hepatic Arteries

  
• Splenic Artery


  • Further divides into Pancreatic, Left Gastro-omental, and Short Gastric Arteries

  
• Common Hepatic Artery


  • Further divides into Hepatic Artery Proper, Right Gastric, and Gastroduodenal Arteries

  
• Left gastro-omental artery


  Short gastric artery
• How does blood get to pancreas

  1. Pancreatic artery

  2. Common Hepatic Artery

  3. Hepatic artery proper

  4. Right gastric artery

  5. Gastroduodenal artery
• 30% of oxygenated blood goes to the liver
• Celiac Trunk


  • Left gastric
  • Splenic
  • Common hepatic
  • Pancreatic
  • Left gastro-omental
  • Short gastric
  • Hepatic artery proper
  • Right gastric
  • Gastroduodenal

  
• Celiac Trunk


  • Common Hepatic
  • Left Gastric
  • Gastroduodenal
  • Splenic
• Abdominal Aorta


  • Celiac Trunk
  • Superior Mesenteric A
  • Inferior Mesenteric A
  • Common Hepatic A
  • Left Gastric A
  • Splenic A

  
• Superior Mesenteric A (SMA)

  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (distal part of duodenum)
  • Jejunal and ileal arteries
  • Ileocolic artery (terminal ileum, cecum, appendix)
  • Right colic artery (ascending colon and first part of transverse)
  • Middle colic artery (most of transverse colon)

  
• The Superior Mesenteric A supplies all of the small intestine and a bit of the large intestine, except the left half of the duodenum
• Inferior Mesenteric A (IMA)

  • Left Colic Artery
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • Superior Rectal Artery

  
• Abdominal Aorta


  1. Bifurcates at L4 to become Right and Left Common iliac arteries

  2. Common iliac A

  3. Internal iliac A

  4. External iliac A

  5. Femoral

  6. Popliteal

  7. Anterior Tibial

  8. Posterior Tibial

  9. Fibular A

  
• The Inferior Mesenteric A comes off the anterior part of the Aorta
• The Superior Mesenteric A comes off the anterior part of the Aorta
• Systemic veins return blood to the heart
• Deep Veins


  Travel alongside the artery and have the same name
• Superficial Veins


  Located just beneath the skin, clinically important for withdrawing blood or giving injections
• Systemic Veins


  • Coronary sinus
  • SVC (receives blood from all veins above the diaphragm except the pulmonary veins)
  • IVC (largest vein, receives blood from all veins below the diaphragm)

  
• Veins of the Head and Neck

  • Internal Jugular Veins (dural sinuses, deep veins within the brain)
  • External Jugular Veins (scalp and skin of head, face and neck, oral cavity)
  • Vertebral Veins (C-spine, spinal cord, deep muscles of neck)

  
• There is no common jugular vein, the internal and external jugular veins drain directly to the subclavian vein