Metabolism 3

• energy intake affects energy expenditure:

  • dietary changes to total-body energy stores trigger negative feedback in energy expenditure
  • energy stores decrease = metabolic rate decreases
  • challenge of dietary alterations


  image:

  
• MANY factors affect food (energy) intake:

  • psychological, environmental, physiological
  • energy intake affects total-body energy stores

  scarce storage/excess storage:

  • more factors affect food intake (social, cultural, genetic)
  • physical activity offsets the change in metabolic rate

  
• endocrine profiles:

  • exercise state is similar to fasted state
  • need to provide glucose to body in large quantities without food
  • why insulin down though?
  • increased sympathetic
  • why does this not affect muscle glucose uptake?
  • internal glucose transporters

  
• lack of insulin production


  type I diabetes mellitus
• two major pathologies

  • lack of insulin sensitivity at target cells
  • lack of insulin secretion from beta cells
  • exercise an effective treatment b/c increases insulin sensitivity

  type II diabetes mellitus
• most often occurs with untreated type I diabetes

  ketoacidosis
• affects renal function:

  • ^ glucose in filtrate disrupts osmotic gradient
  • ketones in filtrate too


  ketoacidosis
• affects pH balancing:

  • decreased insulin = ^ triglyceride breakdown
  • this produces large quantities of acidic ketones

  ketoacidosis
• results of insulin deficiency:

  • can lead to impaired brain function, coma, death