Connections: Renal

• renin increases blood pressure
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries

  a molecule of albumin (a plasma protein)
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> Bowman's capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein

  a molecule of glucose that is filtered in a typical healthy individual
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> Bowman's capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending loop of Henle -> ascending loop of Henle -> macula densa -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein


  a molecule of sodium (Na+) that is filtered, then aldosterone causes reabsorption
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> Bowman's capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending loop of Henle -> ascending loop of Henle -> macula densa -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra -> toilet

  a molecule of inulin that is filtered OR a molecule of glucose that is filtered by a patient with untreated diabetes mellitus
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> Bowman's capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> peritubular capillaries -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra -> toilet

  a molecule of potassium (K+) that is filtered, reabsorbed, and then secreted
• renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> Bowman's capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending loop of Henle -> ascending loop of Henle -> macula densa -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein

  a molecule of H2O that is filtered, then ADH causes reabsorption
• dilation of afferent arteriole (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR increases
• constriction of the afferent arteriole (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR decreases
• constriction of the efferent arteriole (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR increases
• dilation of the efferent arteriole (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR decreases
• a decrease in plasma protein production by the liver (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR increases
• bilateral blockage of the ureters (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR decreases
• ingestion of caffeine (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR increases
• an increase in action potentials from the VM center (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR decreases
• a reduction in MAP (GFR increase or decrease?)

  GFR decreases
• if the urine volume is 240 mL, and the urine collection time is 120 min, what is the urinary flow rate (V)?

  2 mL/min
• if the urinary flow rate (V) is 2 mL/min, the urine inulin concentration is 1000 mg/dL, and the plasma inulin concentration is 20 mg/dL, what is the GFR?

  100 mL/min
• if the urine PAH conc. is 300 mg/dL, the plasma PAH conc. is 1 mg/dL, and the urine flow rate (V) is 2 mL/min, what is the renal plasma flow (RPF)?

  600 mL/min
• if the GFR is 100 mL/min and the plasma Na+ conc. is 3.22 mg/mL, what is the filtered load of Na+?

  322 mg/min
• if the urinary flow rate is 2 mL/min and the urine Na+ conc. is 0.0575 mg/mL, what is the excreted load of Na+?

  0.115 mg/min