Renal Review

• outer region of the kidney containing most of the renal filtration units

  cortex
• a depression in the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter/exit

  hilus
• innermost portion of the kidney that is divided into renal pyramids

  medulla
• branch from the abdominal aorta that supplies the kidney with unfiltered, oxygenated blood

  renal artery
• starling force that promotes filtration

  capillary hydrostatic pressure
• a peptide that affects the permeability of tissues within the kidney

  ADH
• a structure within the nephron that receives the filtered and secreted waste materials originally in the plasma

  collecting duct
• functional unit of kidney, site of filtration

  glomerulus
• if you should increase the afferent arteriole radius, keeping other variables constant, what would happen to the GFR?

  1. it would disavow all knowledge of what the afferent arteriole radius was or has ever been
  2. it would decrease
  3. it would stay the same
  4. it would increase

  it would increase
• if you should decrease the efferent arteriole radius, keeping other variables constant, what happens to the rate of urine flow in the bladder?

  1. it would increase
  2. it would stay the same
  3. it would decrease


  it would increase
• if you should increase the efferent arteriole radius, keeping other variables constant, what happens to GFR?

  1. it would stay the same
  2. it would increase
  3. it would decrease
  4. that is not predictable

  it would decrease
• if you should decrease the afferent arteriole radius, keeping other variables constant, what happens to the rate of urine flow in the bladder?

  1. it would increase
  2. it would decrease
  3. it would stay the same

  it would decrease
• if there is an increase of P(GC) to 100 mmHg, what happens to GFR?

  1. it would stay the same
  2. it would decrease
  3. it would increase


  it would increase
• what happens to the glomerular filtration if the MAP of the entire body fails? (auto-regulation will be ignored in this case)

  1. it would increase
  2. it would decrease
  3. it would stay the same
  4. melancholy rabid horses become happy again!

  it would decrease
• normal filtrate osmolarity is the greatest in which of these locations?

  1. the proximal convoluted tubule
  2. the end of the descending limb of Henle's loop
  3. the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule
  4. the top of the ascending limb of Henle's loop


  the end of the descending limb of Henle's loop
• where and how does ADH directly alter the urine?

  1. the collecting duct; it may dramatically change the urine volume sent to the bladder
  2. the proximal convoluted tubule; it may dramatically change the filtrate osmolarity
  3. the descending loop of Henle; it may dramatically alter the sodium content of the urine
  4. Bowman's Capsule; it may dramatically change the GFR


  the collecting duct; it may dramatically change the urine volume sent to the bladder
• of the following choices, aldosterone primarily changes the ___________ of tubular filtrate

  1. penicillin content
  2. bicarbonate content
  3. hydrogen ion content
  4. potassium content

  potassium content
• an example location in the nephron where non-regulated sodium reabsorption occurs would be:

  1. the collecting duct
  2. the efferent arteriole
  3. the descending limb of Henle's loop
  4. the glomerular capillaries
  5. the ascending limb of Henle's loop

  the ascending limb of Henle's loop
• which of the following statements is false?

  1. increased levels of Angiotensin II leads to increased aldosterone levels in the blood
  2. increased levels of Angiotensin II to increased MABP
  3. increased levels of Angiotensin II leads to increased sodium reabsorption
  4. increased levels of Angiotensin II leads to decreased potassium secretion


  increased levels of Angiotensin II leads to decreased potassium secretion
• vasoactive substances and precursor hormones can be released from the macula densa cells located in the _________ and the juxtaglomerular cells (aka granular or granulosa cells) located in the ________

  1. afferent arterioles, distal tubule
  2. distal tubule, afferent arterioles
  3. proximal tubule, afferent arterioles
  4. afferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries

  distal tubule, afferent arterioles