Weekly Review 12

• While hiking across Wisconsin you drink directly from a stream, against your better judgement. You are unaware of the agricultural drainage upstream that is funneling pesticides directly into the creek. Which statement accurately describes how your nephrons process these chemicals?

  These chemicals will be excreted via the processes of filtration and secretion.
• Select the correct path of filtrate flow through the nephron:

  1= ascending limb

  2= collecting duct

  3= distal convoluted tubule

  4= Bowman's capsule

  5= descending limb

  6= proximal convoluted tubule

  7= Macula Densa


  4-6-5-1-7-3-2 
• Which statement is NOT correct?

  • The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases norepinephrine onto the nephron to cause tubule constriction.   
  • Juxtaglomerular cells synthesize, store, and secrete renin.   
  • The juxtaglomerular apparatus contains both macula densa cells and juxtaglomerular cells.
  • Juxtaglomerular cells receive efferent signals from the vasomotor center.   
  • The macula densa cells send paracrine signals to the afferent arteriole and contribute to flow regulation.


  The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases norepinephrine onto the nephron to cause tubule constriction.
• Which of the following would increase GFR?

  • Dilation of the afferent arteriole   
  • A decrease in systemic blood pressure   
  • An increase in blood viscosity   
  • An injection of plasma proteins   
  • Dilation of the efferent arteriole 

  dilation of the afferent arteriole
• How could the consumption of excess sodium (Na+) lead to an increase mean arterial pressure?

  It creates a hypertonic extracellular fluid which draws water out of cells. This increases blood plasma volume, and therefore, blood pressure.
• Which of the following does NOT contribute to the formation of small amount of concentrated urine?

  • Atrial Natriuretic Peptide   
  • Urea
  • ADH   
  • The medullary osmotic gradient 

  atrial natriuretic peptide
• Given the following data:

  Inulin:

  Plasma concentration = 8mg/ml

  Urine concentration = 100mg/ml

  Urine flow rate = 8ml/min

  Substance PP:

  Plasma concentration = 8mg/ml

  Urine concentration = 80mg/ml

  Urine flow rate = 8ml/min

  What is true about substance PP?

  the substance is net reabsorbed
• How would an ACE inhibitor affect extracellular K+ levels?


  It would inhibit angiotensin II formation, inhibiting aldosterone release, and as a result increase extracellular K+ levels.
• You have diagnosed a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which of the following hydrogen (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) test results confirm your diagnosis?


  Urinary H+ concentration decreased from normal; Urinary HCO3- concentration increased from normal
• Which of the following statements accurately describes sodium reabsorption in the nephron?

  It can be hormonally regulated in the cortical collecting duct.
• Assume the transport maximum for reabsorption of amino acid K is 280mg/min.

  Further assume a GFR of 125ml/min. 

  Using the Filtered Load calculation, determine the plasma concentration that causes the nephrons to begin excreting amino acid X.

  2.26 mg/ml 
• Which of the following is true about AQP2 aquaporins?

  Their insertion is triggered by the PKA pathway in the collecting duct.