2 Monastic Supremacy

• Monastic Supremacy in the Philippinesor La Sobernia Monacal en Filipinas

  Ang Paghahari ng mga Prayle sa Pilipinas
• The Monastic Supremacy Document
• The Monastic Supremacy Document

  The Monastic Supremacy of the Spanish friars brought many political, religious and economic conflicts and unresolved issues during the late 1800's and violation of human rights was prevalent in the religious and political aspect.
• The Monastic Supremacy Document


  Date & Place of Publication
• The Monastic Supremacy Document

  Contributions to Philippine History
• These are the intended audience of the Monastic Supremacy Document.
• Timeline of Five Religious Orders


  • Augustinians (1565)
  • Franciscans (1577)
  • Jesuits (1581)
  • Dominicans (1587)
  • Recollects (1606)
• Remaining scattered places in the Visayas and Mindanao

  • Laguna, Tayabas (Quezon), Camarines
  • Manila, Cebu, Leyte, Samar, Bohol, Mindanao
  • Cagayan and Pangasinan, some areas in Manila
  • Visayas, Ilocos, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Manila
• Contributions of the Missionaries

  • Builders of Roads, Bridges, Forts, Irrigation Dams
  • Founders of Hospitals and Orphanages
  • Propagation of Catholicism
  • Introduced New Industries
  • First Teachers of the Natives and Pioneers in the Establishment of the Printing Press
• Augustinians


  The founders and first apostles of the Catholic faith in the Philippines
• Franciscans


  Able to establish and/or administer 207 towns/parishes
• Franciscans


  • San Juan de Dios Hospital (1580)
  • Hospital of the Holy Waters in Los Baños (1592)
  • San Lazaro Hospital (1580)
  • Naga Hospital of San Diego (1586)
• Jesuits


  • Arrived in Philippines from Mexico in 1581
  • Established mission stations in Balayan, Batangas, Taytay, and in Antipolo, Rizal in 1591
  • Established first Jesuit mission stations in the Visayas in Tibauan, Panay in 1593
  • Opened the College of Manila in September 1595
  • Opened the College of San Jose on August 25, 1601
  • Made the Philippine Vice Province into an independent Province in 1605
  • Banished from the Philippines in 1768
• Jesuits


  • Escuela Municipal de Manila, Intramuros
  • Colegio de Manila
  • Manila Observatory, Padre Faura Ermita
• Dominicans


  • The Order of Preachers/Order of St. Dominic was confirmed an Order by Pope Honorius III in 1216
  • 15 men arrived at the port of Cavite in 1587
  • Evangelized the fertile Cagayan Valley in 1594
  • Established University of Santo Tomas in 1611
  • Extended their missionary work in the Babuyanes in 1619
  • Permanently set-foot in Batanes in 1783
• Dominicans


  • Sto. Domingo Church, Intramuros
  • University of Santo Tomas, Manila
  • Binondo Church, Manila
  • Tumauini Church, Isabela
• Recollects


  • Arrived in Cebu in 1606
  • Took charge of Bataan, Zambales and western Pangasinan in 1607
  • Pope Gregory XV declared the Recollects a congregation & Bishop Pedro de Arce of Cebu requested and they started to evangelize parts of Mindanao in 1622
  • Exchanged their small mission in Negros in 1635
  • Archbishop of Manila gave them Mindoro in 1679
  • Took charge of Masbate in 1687
• Recollects


  • San Sebastian Church, Quiapo
• Function of the friars

  • Local school inspector, inspector of the accounts of the gobernadorcillos and cabeza de barangays
  • His approval was required in census lists, tax lists, list of army conscripts, and register of births, deaths and marriages
• Frailocracia or Frailocracy


  • A government by friars
  • The rise in power and influence of the friars can be attributed to frequent changes in the top colonial administration in the country from 1849 to 1895
  • Spain tightened her control over the country thru the friars for fear of losing the Philippines
  • Owing to the fact that they remained in colony every time a governor-general was removed from office, their advice on the proper management of governmental affairs was sought by every new governor-general
• The Secularization Controversy


  • Regular priests belonged to religious orders
  • Secular priests did not belong to any religious order
  • Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the parishes that were being run by regular priests
  • Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa accepted the resignations of the regular priests in 1774 and assigned secular priests to take their place
  • A royal decree was also issued on November 9, 1774
  • The issue soon took on a racial slant
  • Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical governor of the Church, sided with the Filipinos
  • After his death due to an earthquake, other priests took his place in fighting for the secularization movement
• GomBurZa


  • Execution: February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan
  • Ordered by Gov. Rafael de Isquierdo
• Crusades Against Monastic Supremacy

  • Governors complained to the Spanish Monarch
  • The King tried to investigate the friars
  • Indios were the lowest-ranked group in Spanish racial hierarchy
  • Filipino priests were not allowed to ascend into the higher positions of the Catholic Church hierarchy
  • Propaganda Movement: Led by Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Dr. Jose Rizal
  • Desired reforms: Equality of the Filipino & the Spaniards before laws, Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
• Composition of Philippine Religions as of 2019


  • Roman Catholic 80.6%
  • Protestant 8.2% includes Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches 2.7%, National Council of Churches in the Philippines 1.2%, other Protestant 4.3%
  • Christian 3.4%
  • Muslim 5%
• Cree was issued


  November 9, 1774
• The issue soon took on a racial slant
• Monsignor Pedro Pelaez


  Ecclesiastical governor of the Church, sided with the Filipinos
• Other priests took his place in fighting for the secularization movement

  After his death due to an earthquake
• GomBurZa


  Monsignor Pedro Pelaez
• Governors complained to the Spanish Monarch
• The King tried to investigate the friars
• Indios


  The lowest-ranked group in Spanish racial hierarchy
• Filipino priests were not allowed to ascend into the higher positions of the Catholic Church hierarchy
• GomBurZa execution in Bagumbayan

  February 17, 1872
• Gov. Rafael de Isquierdo

  Ordered the execution of GomBurZa
• Propaganda Movement


  Led by Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Dr. Jose Rizal
• Desired reforms: Equality of the Filipino & the Spaniards before laws, Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
• Composition of Philippine Religions as of 2019


  • Roman Catholic 80.6%
  • Protestant 8.2% (includes Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches 2.7%, National Council of Churches in the Philippines 1.2%, other Protestant 4.3%)
  • Christian 3.4%
  • Muslim 5.6%
  • Tribal religions 2%
  • other 1.9%
• Roman Catholic traditions still done in the country

  • Fiestas
  • Celebration of special days (ex. Christmas)
  • Reenactments (ex: the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ)
• Reduccion


  Policies that essentially meant a forced relocation of small, scattered settlements into one larger town