Ucsp kinship

• Kinship


  Social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society
• Types of Kinship


  • Consanguineal kinship
  • Affinal kinship
• Consanguineal kinship


  Kinship by blood or kinship based on blood, considered the most basic and general form of relations
• Descent


  Biological relationship; individual's child or offspring or ancestry
• Lineage


  The line where one's descent is traced
• Unilineal Descent


  • Patrilineal
  • Matrilineal
• Patrilineal


  Descent that is traced through the male line, only the males pass on their family identity to their children
• Matrilineal


  Descent that is traced through the female line
• Bilateral


  Descent through the study of both parents' ancestors
• Affinal kinship


  Kinship based on marriage, forged by marriage alliances
• Marriage


  An important social institution where two persons, a man and a woman, enter into family life and make a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples
• Forms of Marriage


  • Monogamy
  • Polygamy (Polygyny, Polyandry)
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage within one's own village, community, ethnic, social or religious group
• Exogamy


  Marriage custom where an individual is required to marry outside of their own group, community, or social classes
• Rules of Residence


  • Neolocal
  • Patrilocal
  • Matrilocal
  • Bilocal
• Types of Arranged Marriages

  • Referred Marriage
  • Arranged Marriages (Child Marriage, Exchange Marriage, Diplomatic Marriage, Modern Arranged Marriage)
• Compadrazgo


  Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family, done through Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage
• Types of Families


  • Nuclear Family
  • Extended Family
  • Blended Family
• In some cultures, there may be different terms used to refer to relatives depending on factors such as age, gender, marital status, and proximity of relationship.
• Political structure or institution


  Organized way in which power is distributed and decisions are made within a society
• Bands and Tribes


  • Considered as the simplest political systems
  • Formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations
  • Informal leadership is accorded to members who possess certain skills and knowledge
  • Decision making are made by consensus
  • Ruled by a village headman
• Tribes


  • Practice agriculture, allowing them to support large populations (Example: Igorots)
• Chiefdoms


  • A political organization, composed of a number of communities that is ruled by a permanent paramount chief coming from an elite family (Examples: Raja Soliman, Sultan Kudarat)
  • Power is inherited in chiefdoms
  • Can either be simple or complex
• Simple chiefdom


  Characterized by a central village or community ruled by a single family
• Complex chiefdom


  Composed of several chiefdoms ruled by a single paramount chief
• Nations


  Group of people that shared a common history, language, traditions, customs, habits, and ethnicity
• State


  Political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding a well-defined territory. When the citizens of a state belong to only one nation, such state is called a nation-state
• Authority


  The power to make binding decisions and issue commands
• Legitimacy


  A moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to authority
• Types of Authority


  • Traditional authority
  • Charismatic authority
  • Rational-legal or bureaucratic authority
• Traditional authority


  Legitimacy is derived from well-established customs, habits, and social structures (Examples: Monarchial rule or the rule of the elites in a chiefdom)
• Charismatic authority


  Legitimacy emanates from the charisma of the individual, power legitimated through extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience (Examples: Jesus of Nazareth and Mohammed of Mecca, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr.)
• Charisma


  Extraordinary personal qualities that turn an audience into followers
• Rational-legal or bureaucratic authority


  Draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws. This is the most dominant way of legitimizing authority in modern states
• Government


  One of the major components of social institution where its activities are entrusted with making and enforcing the rules of a society as well as with regulating relations with other societies. Its legitimacy lies in being recognized to govern and to enact and enforce laws
• Forms of Government


  • Monarchy
  • Democracy
  • Authoritarianism
  • Totalitarianism
• Monarchy


  A political system in which a representative from one family controls the government and power is passed on through that family from generation to generation (Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy)
• Democracy


  A system in which the citizens choose officials to run their government through popular or majority votes
• Authoritarianism


  A form of government characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of a strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting
• Totalitarianism


  A political system under which the government maintains control all aspects of its citizens' lives