child and ado lit 2

• was the principal entertainment for most

  people during this period.

  Oral literature
• animal tales with pointed morals to

  instruct children in cultural and personal values.

  Aesop's Fables
• stories of Aeneas, the Trojan hero who

  was credited with founding the Roman race)

  Tales of Virgil's Aeneid
• (the tales of the gods, goddesses,

  heroes, and heroines of the classical world)

  Tales of Ovid’s Metamorphoses
• dominated the social and political scene

  and was responsible for what education there was

  Roman Catholic Church
• Education was a

  luxury. Books were extremely rare and expensive, and few people could read or write.

  middle ages
• very popular in middle ages. The lives of saints were used to set examples for young people.

  Biblical stories
• invention of the movable type printing press made it possible to print multiple copies of books, thus reducing time, labor and cost.

  Johannes Gutenberg
• This technology also made it possible to spread

  information quickly; therefore, this opened the door to mass education and increased literacy.

  movable type printing press
• Most books for children were textbooks

  or educational books

  early Renaissance
• giving lessons in proper

  Behavior for young gentlemen (Women

  did not yet merit their own books

  “books of

  courtesy”
• John Comenius’ Orbis Sensualium

  Pictus


  The earliest children’s picture book
• two specific influences that brought a heightened sense of special needs of the child

  17th Century
• Intellectual Development by

  John Locke
• Spiritual Development: The rise of Puritanism, which placed special emphasis on the individual's need to tend to his or her salvation
• The Puritans placed a

  high value on reading

  because they believed

  the Bible should be

  accessible to everyone

  and it helped ensure

  material success. The

  Puritans are credited

  with encouraging literacy

  among the middle class.
• consisting of simple wooden slabs, usually with a handle. Parchment containing basic language lessons

  hornbooks
• cheap books made of folded cardboard and usually containing

  educational material. They were widely used into the 19th century

  Battledores
• small and cheaply made books containing fairy tales

  and other secular works

  chapbooks
• • New England Primer:

  the most famous early schoolbooks, first appearing around 1690 and

  continuing in print in some form or another until 1886. It introduced

  young Puritan children to the alphabet through rhymes and then to

  increasingly sophisticated reading material, all with a religious intent/
• a famous essay written by John Locke in 1693, in which he formulated his notion that the minds of young children were similar to blank slates (he called them tabula rasa) waiting to be filled up

  Thoughts Concerning Education
• The Pilgrim’s Progress by

  John Bunyan
• Gulliver’s Travels by


  Jonathan Swiff
• Robinson Crusoe (1719) by


  Daniel Defoe
• •– the story of

  a man’s journey to Heaven

  The Pilgrim’s Progress
• a satirical travel fantasy 

  Gulliver’s Travels
• •a shipwreck

  adventure tale that is the ancestor of numerous survival stories

  Robinson Crusoe
• a clever English bookseller

  John Newbery
• first successfully promoted children’s literature. His books

  were largely collections of stories and poems with crude woodblock

  illustrations by various (usually anonymous) writers (including

  himself)

  newberry
• one of the first published children’s books

  designed particularly to entertain children as well as to teach them.

  A Little Pretty Pocket Book
• expressed his ideas about education in Emile (1762), in

  which he emphasized the importance of moral development that

  could be best accomplished through living a simple life.

  Rousseau
• Rousseau’s followers wrote didactic and moralistic books to teach

  children how to be good and proper human beings.  
• The Purple Jar” (1796) by

  Maria

  Edgeworth.
• The didactic element in children’s books persisted through the early

  19th century, but the old folktales from oral tradition revived during

  this time.

  revival of old folktales
• Tales of Mother Goose by

  Charles Perrault
• Tales from the Arabian Nights,the first children’s edition of the Middle Eastern tales, featuring Sinbad

  the Sailor and Aladdin and his lamp. published by

  Elizabeth Newbery
• published at

  the beginning of the 19th century, inspired a flurry of folktale collecting

  throughout Europe.

  Grimms’ Nursery and Household Tales
• Some adults felt them unsuitable for children as they contained adult themes, alarming frankness and violence, lack of moral messages

  Joseph Jacobs’ English Fairy Tales (1894, England)
• During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) children's literature

  first blossomed. Excellent writers and illustrators were committed to

  writing entertaining stories for children, as opposed to morality tales. 
• Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) by

  Lewis

  Carroll