IS

• 18 +
• Study on the nature of things

  • forces, motion, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, and structure of atoms
• Rigid Body Mechanics


  • analysis of the action of forces on non-deformable objects
• Statics


  • Study of objects at rest or in constant motion
• Dynamics


  • Study of objects that are either changing speed or direction
• Kinematics


  • Describe of motion (displacement, velocity, acceleration, time) of bodies without reference to the force(s) that caused the motion
• Kinetics


  • Study of forces acting on a body and causing its motion
• FORCE


  A push or pull acting on an object as a result of its interaction with another object. It may change the state of motion of an object or cause deformation
• SI unit: Newton (N)

  1 N=1 kg m/s2
• A force can cause an object to start moving
• A force can cause deformation to an object
• A force can cause an object to stop moving
• A force can speed up a moving object
• A force can slow down a moving object
• A force can cause a change in the direction of an object's motion
• Net Force


  Sum of all forces acting on an object which may cause a change in the object's state of motion. Also called resultant force
• Balanced Forces


  • No change in the state of motion of an object
  • An object at rest, remains at rest
  • An object in motion, remains moving at constant speed and direction
  • Net force = 0
• Unbalanced Forces


  • Produces a change in the state of motion of an object
  • Net force ≠ 0
• Applied force


  A force applied to an object by another object or by a person. The direction of the applied force depends on how the force is applied
• Normal force


  Force that always acts perpendicular to and out of the contact surface. Support force
• Tension Force


  Transmitted through a string, rope or wire when it is pulled by forces acting at each end. The direction is always away from the object
• Elastic force


  The force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object which is attached to it. First studied by Robert Hooke
• Friction


  Force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. Opposes the motion of the object. Always acts parallel to the surface in contact and opposite the direction of motion
• Air resistance


  Special type of frictional force which acts upon objects as they travel through air. Always opposes the motion of the object. Also called drag force
• Buoyant force


  Also called buoyancy. Experienced by an object submerged in a fluid. Upward force
• Magnetic force


  Attraction or repulsion due to motion of charged particles
• Electrostatic force


  Attractive or repulsive force due to electric charges at rest
• Gravitational force


  Attraction between objects due to mass. Always attractive
• Gravitational


  Attraction between objects due to mass. Objects on Earth are pulled downward towards the ground because of gravity
• Weight


  Gravitational force that an astronomical body exerts on an object
• All the previously discussed types of forces can be explained in terms of the four fundamental forces
• Relative strength


  4 = most strong, 1 = least strong
• Unified Field Theory


  Theory of everything
• Classical Mechanics


  Far less than 3x10 m/s
• Relativistic Mechanics


  Comparable to 3x10^8 m/s
• Quantum Mechanics


  Far larger than 10-9 m
• Quantum Field Theory


  Near or less than 10-9 m
• Relative strength. 4 = most strong, 1 = least strong
• Range (maximum distance two objects can exist and still put this force on each other)
• What the force acts on