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• Microbiology


  The study of organisms that individually are too small to be seen by the naked eye
• Great minds have contributed to the discovery and evolution of microbiology, and its relationship to medicine and other areas of biology
• Roman philosopher Lucretius (98-55 BC) and Girolamo Fracastoro (1478-1553)


  They suggested that a disease was caused by "invisible living creatures"
• Francesco Stelluti (1625 and 1630)


  He made the earliest microscopic observation on bees and weevils using a microscope probably supplied by Galileo
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)


  • The "first true microbiologist"
  • The first person to observe and describe organisms accurately-"Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology"
  • He discovered "animalcules"
  • He used self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x magnification to study protozoans and bacteria
• Spontaneous generation


  Life arose from non-living matter
• Aristotle (384) supported the idea of spontaneous generation
• dyar (congo red)


  cell wall
• Welch, Gin's, Anthony's, Hiss ( Crystal Violet)

  Capsule
• Nigrosin, India ink, Boris method ( black dye)


  Capsule

  yeast cell
• Ljubinsky, Neisser, LAMB, Albert (methylene blue and cv) ( malachite green and toluidine blue)


  metachromatic granules

  Babes Ernst granules ( Cornyebacterium dipteriae)
• Dorner , Wirtz and Conklin, Schaeffer-Fulton ( Carbol fuschin and nigrosin dye )( malachite green and safranin red) 


  Endospore

  bacillus and Clostridium
• Gray, Fisher and Conn, Leifson(carbol fuscin and tannic acid: mordant) (carbol fuscin, tannic acid, and methylene blue)


  flagella
• Feulgen (carbol fuchsin)


  DNA
• Fontana-Tribondeau, Levaditi ( ammoniical silver nitrate, silver nitrate)


  spirochetes