MODULE 6

• It is the most important element of the state

  Society
• It is the most essential part of whatever may be counted as social

  Human Person
• It is the state of being or condition where complex human relationships take place.

  Society
• In this perspective, the relationship between the individual and the society weighs in on individual intentions and actions.

  Micro theoretical perspective
• This perspective focuses on the interplay of the ordinary experiences of individuals as they retain or change society for better or for worse

  Micro theoretical Perspective
• In this perspective/theory, the complex resulted from the simple, the overall social transformations are seen as products of impersonal forces.

  Macro theoretical perspective
• This theory focuses on society in general with its social structures and institutions as being transformed

  Macro theory
• "...The state will simply wither away"

  Karl Marx or Friedrich Engels
• The oppressor class or oppressed class in this stage of history is more of a hypothetical condition similar to the notion of "State of Nature" whereing everyone is neither oppressor nor oppressed.

  Primitive Communism
• Oppressor Class: Slave owners & Landowners; Oppressed Class: Slaves

  Slavery Feudalism
• Oppressor class: Bourgeoisie; Oppressed Class: Proletariat

  Capitalism
• Oppressor Class: State Managers; Oppressed Class: Everyone else

  Socialism
• Classless Society

  Communism
• The rulers (rational) must role over the merchants (appetitive) and the armed forces (spirited)

  Plato's theory of the soul
• There is a purpose to why one is (telos)

  Essentialism
• Humans have a nature desire to live in communities for the sake of

  good life
• They enumerated six different types of societies

  Amper, Bersales, and Nolasco
• This type of society is characterized by a nomadic or semi-nomadic existence, where groups move from place to place in search of food and resources.

  Foraging/Hunting and Gathering Society
• It is a type of society in which the primary economic activity revolves around the raising and management of livestock.

  Herding/Pastoral Societies
• It is a type of society characterized by small-scale, subsistence farming practices focused on cultivating gardens or small plots of land.

  Horticultural Societies
• It is a type of society characterized by the widespread cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals for food production.

  Agricultural Societies
• It is a type of society characterized by the widespread use of advanced technology, mechanization, and mass production methods to produce goods and services.

  Industrial Societies
• It is a type of society characterized by a shift away from manufacturing-based economies towards service-based economies, as well as a heavy reliance on information technology, automation, and knowledge-based industries.

  Post-industrial Societies
• What generates one's identity?

  Society
• It is an active node of a network of human relations and historic-social links

  Identity
• He calls the status quo "a form of being-together"

  Axel Honneth
• It is the process of introducing the human person into the wider circles of society

  Socialization
• He highlights the interplay between socialization and language

  Jurgen Habermas
• It molds personal identity

  Communication
• According to Honneth, recognition relation comes in three forms or patterns of intersubjective recognition

  love, rights, and solidarity
• Habermas calls it when the child or the adolescent learns how to form generalizations, and express himself

  Moral Development
• Habermas offers this concept in balancing out the personal and the social

  Concept of Discourse
• Human beings do not only need to survive, but also need to have a

  good life
• Humans are capable of greater and meaningful articulation of expressions through

  language