Semantics and pragmatics

• Semantics ways

  • Semantic fields
  • Collocates

  Can say its a pattern if used more
• Semantic fields - the set of words that are associated with a particular concept or idea.
• Collocates - words that are often found together in a sentence (salt and pepper, bread and butter)
• Hypernym - a category with more specific terms (dog -> breeds)
• Hyponym - more specific, part of a category (poodle, shepard)
• Dysphemism - unpleasant version of a euphemism ('loony' for a mentally ill person)
• Pragmatics - meaning behind things taking into account context
• Deixis - use of words that need context to convey meaning ('him' 'there')
• Deictic reference - a comment which is context dependent
• Denotation - dictionary definition
• Connotation - implication of a word