LESSON 1

• Fill in the missing parts:

  A) shoot system

  B) root system

  
• Shoot System - parts of a plant that are found above ground 
• Root System - parts below the ground

  • This can be sometimes seen above ground but only in certain occasions.
• Leaves - these have cuticles that prevent the dehydration and withering o plants
• fill the in the blanks:

  A) pit

  B) vessel element

  C) tracheids

  D) xylem parenchyma cell

  
• what does xylem transport?

  water and minerals
• in what direction does xylem moves?

  upward direction
• Vessel elements - wide, thin walled, hollow cells; dead at maturity (sclerenchyma tissue). Transport & support
• Tracheids - narrower, tapered cells; have pits at ends that allow water transport.
• Root pressure can cause guttation (exudes water from the margins of the leaf instead of the stomata.)
• Straw Analogy

  1. Water moves through roots by osmosis
  2. Intake of water in roots increases the water potential
  3. When stomata is closed at night, guttation occurs 
• Fill in the missing parts of the Phloem:

  A) sieve pore

  B) cor panion cell

  C) phloem parenchyma

  D) sieve tube element

  
• what does phloem transport?

  sugar
• Sieve-tube elements - alive at maturity; long narrow with sieve plates at ends; no nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole.
• Companion cell - attached to side of sieve-tube element; organelles serve both cells; does NOT transport.
• Sugar source - an organ where sugar is being produced usuallyleaves
• Sugar sink - an organ that consumes or stores sugar usually roots,growing stems, buds, and fruits
• Pressure - it is created at the source while producing sugar. It then decreases at the sink as it is used. 
• Translocation - moves the sugar in the phloem to the parts that need it.
• End of Dormancy Period the plant withers due to the onset of a new season.
• Growing Period - parts of plants that were sugar sinks become the sugar sources.
• TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS:

  • Dicot - vascular bundle with a ring-like structure
  • Monocot - vascular bundle with scattered structure
• How many elements are there for growing plants?

  17 elements
• what affects leaf growth and plant development for healthy greenfoliage?

  Nitrogen
• What improves the roots, stems, flowers, and fruits?

  Phosphorus
• What promotes photosynthesis and improves plant resistance?

  Potassium
• Plant hormones or phytohormones
• Fill in the blanks:

  A) Growth Promoters

  B) Growth Inhibitors

  C) salicylic acid

  D) ethylene

  
• Macronutrient from air/water - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• Macronutrients from soils- Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur
• Micronutrients from soils- Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Zinc