LESSON 3

• In the course of evolution, animals have formed ways to obtain, process,and digest food as heterotrophs.
• 1. Herbivores - mostly feed on plants (deer, cow, buffalo, grasshoppers, and rabbits.)
• Carnivore - organism that mostly eats meat or flesh of animals.

  • Predators and prey have a cycle known as predation.
• Omnivore - eats plants and animals. (Humans, bears, foxes)
• Detritivores (decomposers) - feeds on the remains of plants, animals, and fecal matter. (bacteria, fungi, worms, and insects.)
• what type of food habits are shown based on the picture? omnivore

  
• what type of food habits are shown based on the picture?

  herbivore

  
• what type of food habits are shown based on the picture?

  carnivore

  
• Parasitic - an organism (parasite) living on the body or surface of another organism (host). This relationship is known as “parasitism”.
• Saprophytic - organisms (saprophytes) obtain food from the dead and decaying matter. (Fungi, some protists, bacteria, etc.)
• Holozoic - organism consumes a variety of organic material which then undergoes a series of metabolic processes such as digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
• complete the blank:

  A) carbohydrates

  B) lipids

  C) protein

  D) vitamins

  E) minerals

  F) water

  
• complete the human digestive system

  A) mouth

  B) teeth

  C) salivary glands

  D) pharynx

  E) esophagus

  F) liver

  G) stomach

  H) pancreas

  I) large intenstine

  J) small intenstine

  K) rectum

  L) anus

  
• Mouth - chews food and mixes it saliva
• Salivary glands - produces saliva containing a starch-digesting enzyme called salivary amylase
• Pharynx - swallows the chewed food mixed with saliva called bolus
• Esophagus - moves the bolus through peristalsis
• Stomach - mixes and churns food with gastric juices
• Liver - makes bile which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
• Pancreas - releases acid neutralizers
• Gallbladder - stores bile and releases it into small intestine when needed
• Small Intestine - digests food and absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph
• Large Intestine - absorbs water and some vitamins. Collects excess water and passes waste material.
• Anus - opens to allow waste to leave the body
• Fill in the blanks:

  A) ingestion

  B) digestion

  C) absorption

  D) assimilation

  E) egestion

  
• FOUR MAIN FEEDING MECHANISMS OF ANIMALS:

  • Filter Feeding - sifts through water to capture their meals.
  • Substrate Feeding - Lives in or on their food source.
  • Fluid Feeding Extracts nourishment from the fluids of plants and animals.
  • Bulk Feeding - consumes large pieces of food.