lesson 7.2

• 2018, a total of 70 countries adopted biotech crops
• Philippines ranked 5th among top adopters in Asia-Pacific
• GMOs gained advancements in many applications: food crops and agriculture, improved nutrition, pharmaceuticals, renewable resources
• Bt-corn is developed for control against the Asiatic corn borer
• GM rice crop is intended to address Vitamin A deficiency in the diet.
• GM rice contains beta-carotene that is converted into vitamin A essential for the body and that gives the rice its golden color
• GM Yellow summer squash is grown only in the United States , , resistant to certain squash viruses.
• GM Soybean produced for higher oil and protein content.
• pest resistant to the cotton bollworms which allows higher yield of cotton

  GM Cotton
• GM Canola

  For edible oil production, tolerant to specific herbicides
• GM Alfalfa

  mainly for cattle feed and mostly for dairy cows, allows farmers to protect crops
• GM Papaya

  made to resist ringspot virus, also known as rainbow papaya
• have been on the market since themid-90s and claimed to be the first GM flowers in the world.

  GM Carnations
• are genetically modified with a gene that stimulates blue pigments in pansies

  Blue rose
• was developed by injecting genes for fluorescing proteins from jellyfish and sea anemone

  GM zebrafish
• aquarium zebrafish were made inthree different colors, red, orange,and green
• The transgenic production of silk proteins in mammary glands of some animals and secreted into milk

  The spider silk protein in goats
• Nanoparticles were used in colored glass by Romans during the 4thcentury AD
• Lycurgus cup is the oldest synthetic nanomaterial
• Richard Feynman discussed the concept of nanotechnology and its potential
• In 1974, the term "nanotechnology" was defined by Japanesescientist Norio Taniguchi
• two general approaches in nanostructure: top-down approach and bottom-up approach
• Top-down approach: It involves breaking down bulk materials into smaller structures using various methods like lithography and deposition
• Bottom-up approach: It involves building nanostructures from single atoms or molecules into the desired structure
• are cylindrical molecules made of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern.

  Carbon nanotubes
• Fullerenes or Buckminsterfullerene is a chemical compound with 60 carbon atoms that form a soccer-ball-shaped molecule.
• Nanowires are very small wires on the nanometer scale made up of semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium
• have applications in detecting biological agents like proteins, DNA, RNA, and viruses.

  Nanowires
• Quantum dots are semiconductor crystals with unique optical, electronic, and photophysical properties
• suitable for biological labeling, imaging, and detection applications in clinical and medical studies, as well as in the energy industry

  Quantum dots
• GMO Improved traits: insect resistance, herbicide resistance, virus resistance, delayed fruit ripening, altered oil content, pollen control, pest resistance