ARTAPP MIDTERM

• "Man is the measure of all things" according to Protagoras.
• Humanities came from the Latin word "humanus" which means human, cultured, and refined.
• The word art etymologically comes from the Aryat root ar, which means 'to join' or 'put together'.
• The latin term sars, artis, mean everything that is artificially made or composed by man.
• Art is subjective: it employs the use of perception, insights, feelings, and intuition.
• Art particularly refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of nature such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to express feelings, thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way.
• Other forms of arts like architecture, weaving, and furniture-making serve functions that make man's life better. Thus, they are classified as functional art forms.
• Painting, sculpture, literature, music, dance and theatre, though non-functional, serve purposes far beyond mundane survival functions.
• The human need for expression. This seems to built-in the human psyche: this needs to express, to show, to exhibit what is hidden in the man's inner world. His thoughts, emotions, imaginations, dreams and aspirations are expressed in his art.
• The social need for display, celebration and communication. It is not enough for man to express his inner world through his art, he needs to share and convey it to others too. In this way, others may know, may empathize and may realize that people are interconnected.
• The physical needs for functional objects. All art is man-made. In the effort to make human life better, objects are created (like the wheel) which is also classified as art. It is a careful combination of form and function. This is based on the premise that if an object is to perform its functions, its form (design) should also allow it to do so.
• Aesthetics is the philosophical study of beauty and taste. It is concerned with the nature of art and used as basis for interpreting and evaluating individual works of art.
• Plato was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. He is known for his famous Dialogues that included his equally famous teacher, Socrates. As a premise to his two theories of art, he explained that the physical world is a copy of a perfect, rational, and changeless original.
• Art is imitation. Plato explained that art is an imitation of physical things which in turn are imitations of the Forms.
• Art is dangerous. According to plato, art has power to stir emotions. So the arts should not go uncensored.
• Aristotle

  • was a also a famous philosopher of Ancient Greece
  • Student of plato
  • "The good always presents itself in some action while a thing of beauty may exist even in motionless objects or things. In certain conditions, however, the good may also be considered as beautiful."
  • According to him, universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry, and definiteness.
• Aristotle considered art as imitation or a representation of nature. His emphasis was on poetry. He stated that poetry was more philosophical and serious that philosophy itself. Poets, according to him, imitated three things:

  1. Things and events which have been or still are;
  2. Things which are said to be seen and are probable; and
  3. Things which essentially are.
• Immanuel Kant was a German, Enlightenment Philosopher. In 1763, he wrote a treatise on Aesthetics entitled, Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime. His main interest was not in art itself but on beauty. He thought that beauty does not rest on the properties of the objects or things but rather on the manner which people respond to there objects or things. In other words, beauty is matter of taste.
• Subjective taste doe not focus on the properties of the object itself but rather on the pleasure one experiences as he responds to it.
• Universal taste is non-aesthetic and does not consider the beauty of the work or tha mastery of the artist, but rather, the artwork is appreciated for what it is.
• An artist is a person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual and/or the performing arts.
• An artisan is a person who is in a skilled trade that involves making things by hand.
• Painting

  • best described as the application of pigment to a surface.
  • a two-dimensional art form.
  • example are Luna's Spoliarium and Botticelli's Inferno
• Sculpture

  • an art form that is best described as three-dimensional.
  • some of the popular medium are clay, wood, stone, metal, ice, glass, and plastic.
  • examples are Tolentino's Bonifacio Monument and Michelangelo's David.
• Architecture

  • most functional of all the art forms.
  • is only after the structure is built will the art form be fully appreciated.
  • it involves creating designs for buildings and infrastructures,
• Music

  • this is the art of sound expressed through a song, through the use of instruments or a combination of both.
  • it should express rhythm, harmony, and melody that is soothing or appeals to the taste of its audience.
• Dance

  • the art of body movements that is attuned to a musical piece.
  • body movements should be graceful and in rhythm with the accompanying musical piece.
  • in the ancient times, used as a form of worship.
• Literature

  • the art of using words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
  • make take the form of poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and legends to mention a few.
• Theatre

  • the performance of drama
  • typically, actors perform on stage in front of a live audience.
  • dialogues may be recited, sang or eliminated (pantomimes)
  • may be referred to as combined or performing arts.
• The subject of art refers to what the work represents. It could be a person, an object, a scene or an event.
• The artworks that have objects are called representational or objective arts.
• Artworks that doesn't have subjects are known as non-representational or non-objective arts.
• Nature

  • the most popular source of objective art.
  • mountains, trees, animals, landscapes, seascapes are some example.
• People

  • human subjects, whether real or imagined, are the most interesting.
  • works can range from a single subject to a group.
  • they can be perpetual pose or performing tasks of everyday life
• History

  • depict real events which are verifiable facts that occurred in the past.
  • the purpose of such works are either to commemorate events or to teach history to the viewers.
• Legends

  • present to viewers of the art something tangible even when unverified.
  • art brings 'life' to these stories
• Religion

  • these artworks are based on the sacred texts
  • many artworks used the beautiful stories in these sacred texts to convey their beliefs.
• The human need for expression. This seems to built-in the human psyche: this needs to express, to show, to exhibit what is hidden in the man's inner world. His thoughts, emotions, imaginations, dreams and aspirations are expressed in his art.
• Mythology

  • artworks can also be based on the stories of the gods and goddesses of ancient greece, rome, celts, norse, and the egyptians.
  • these deities are depicted in human or animal forms and present human like behavior.
• Dreams and Fantasy

  • the intrigue of the unconscious also inspires artists to present it through art for others to see, relate, and interpret. artists believe that the content of the unconscious should be shared for others to know and may be understand.