CPAR

• Disciplines of Art


  • Art Production
  • Art Criticism
  • Art History
  • Aesthetics
• Art Production


  • Process of presenting an idea, emotion, observation, or experience
  • Creation of expressive images through tools, mastery, and techniques
• Art Criticism


  • Seeks answers for the perception and description of works of art
  • Description, interpretation, analysis, judgement
• Art History


  • The study of art, past and present, and its contributions to culture and society
  • Historical, social, and cultural contexts, focusing on time, tradition, and style
• Aesthetics


  • Refers to the nature, beauty, and value of art
  • Process of experiencing the world and how this experience affects perception, thought, and action
• Pre-Colonial Philippine Art


  • Art had their origin in indigenous myths and rituals invoking the favor of the gods
  • Aesthetic norms such as pottery, textile, weaving, woodcarving, and metalwork
• Significant Pre-Colonial Philippine Art Pieces

  • Manunggul Jar
  • Bulul
  • T'nalak
• Manunggul Jar


  It is a burial jar that represents the ancient Filipino culture and traditions. The jar is adorned with intricate designs and carvings, showcasing the artistic skills of the people during that time.
• Bulul


  Carved ancestor figures that were placed in granaries to guard the rice crop. Bulul is both the name of a class of ancestor spirits, as well as the carvings that serve as vessels to house those ancestors.
• T'nalak


  Woven in order to celebrate and pay tribute to major life events such as birth, life, marriage, or death within the community.
• In the 16th century, Spanish colonization sought to replace the indigenous culture with the West.
• Linear Perspective


  Helped make things look 3D on a flat surface
• Levels of cultural fusion during Spanish colonization

  • Dominant colonial culture of the Church and State
  • Cultural fusion of folk indigenous and Christian elements
  • The suppressed indigenous culture
• In the 19th century, the opening of Philippine ports to world trade and the inauguration of the Suez Canal that came with economic change had an impact on art and culture.
• Art was secularised, released from its strong ties with religious institutions and themes.
• Significant Filipino Artists during Spanish Period

  • Juan Luna
  • Felix Resurrection
• Spoilarium by Juan Luna


  Won the first gold medal at the Madrid Exposition of 1884, which struck Filipinos to be integrated into the 'mainstream' Western culture.
• The Americans prioritized education and value formation which led to the public school system and created demand for illustrations for textbooks and other publications.
• With new corporations set up in the Philippines, a demand for advertising and commercial design arose, to which the School of Fine Arts responded by integrating commercial art courses into the curriculum.
• It was during this American period that the art market began to take shape.
• During WWII, Philippine art was circumscribed by the strict control of the Japanese occupation and the prevailing atmosphere of suffering and fear. Majority of the artworks during this period were subject to censorship. However, certain art forms such as theater and music were utilized to support the resistance.
• Significant Art Pieces from Martial Law Period

  • Pasyong Bayan by Imelda Cajipe
• Pasyong Bayan


  Expresses the people's rage against the human rights violations perpetrated by the dictatorial regime that resulted in the loss of their democratic freedoms.
• Contemporary art traces its roots back to the early 1900s, with social and economic developments brought about by American colonialism, as well as new technology. This gave rise to new ways of expression as well as the transformation of traditional art forms.
• Architecture was used to proliferate the American ideal of progress and democracy.
• Fernando Amorsolo


  Became a celebrated painter and established the visual ideal of the Filipino human form and proportion.
• Guillermo Tolentino


  Recognized as the classical master of sculpture.
• Art Deco


  An artistic movement in the late 1920s which influenced Philippine architecture, emphasizing simpler forms, functionality, and mass production.
• Local musical traditions such as the kundiman continued and prospered during the American period.
• Philippine dance was primarily influenced by ballet and later on by modern dance in the late 1920s. Philippine folk dances were also recognized and were taught in the Philippine school system due to the efforts of Francisca Reyes Tolentino and her colleagues.

  
• During the American occupation, a number of Filipino playwrights used theater as a means to oppose colonialism and the suppression of Filipino nationalism.
• Early 20th century saw the continuation of traditional Filipino musical styles which consisted of kundimans and music made for the sarsuwela. Classical, jazz, and band music gave rise to new musical works which adopted these styles.
• In literature, the 20th century saw the publication of magazines in English, Tagalog, and regional languages. Komiks art also flourished with the local publications.
• Victorio Edades


  The father of Modern Philippine Art
• Victorio Edades, Carlos "Botong" Francisco, and Galo B. Ocampo veered away from the classical visual style and embraced more experimental modes based on modern and avant-garde art.
• History of Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)


  • Rotary Club of Makati-Ayala formally launched in 1989
  • Presidential Award: National Living Treasures in 1990
  • GAMABA or National Living Treasures Award institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355 in 1992
  • NCCA tasked with the administration of the award

  
• Requirements for a GAMABA Awardee

  • Possess a mastery of tools and materials needed for the traditional, folk art and be a maker of works of extraordinary technical quality
  • Have consistently produced works of superior quality over significant period
  • Have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years
  • Command respect and inspire admiration of the country with his character and integrity
  • Must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other members of the community the skills in the traditional and folk arts for which the community has become nationally known
  • A candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has left him/her/them incapable of teaching further his/her/their craft may still be recognized provided that he/she/they must possess the qualifications as enumerated above
• History of the Order of National Artists

  • Presidential Proclamation No. 1001 established the National Artists Award in 1972
  • In 2003, it was renamed the Order of the National Artists, administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
• Requirements for a National Artist

  • Living artists who are Filipino citizens or artists who died as Filipino citizens after the establishment of the award may be eligible for nomination
  • Artists whose works have contributed towards developing a Filipino sense of nationhood
  • Artists who have pioneered in evolving modes of creative expression or individual styles which have gained distinction here and abroad, and which could make an impact on future generations of artists
  • Artists who have created significant bodies of work which have consistently manifested excellence towards enriching their particular expressions
  • Artists who enjoy broad acceptance and extensive recognition from their peers nationally and internationally, and who have garnered critical acclaim for their works
• Art Criticism: Philosophical Positions

  • Formalism
  • Semiotics
  • Marxism
  • Feminism
  • Post-colonialism