DRRR FINALS

• TROPICAL CYCLONE

  • organized, rotating system of clouds and thunderstorms that initially form over tropical ocean waters
• TYPHOONS

  • formed over the northwest Pacific.

  HURRICANE

  • In the Atlantic and the east Pacific

  TROPICAL CYCLONE

  • In the Indian Ocean and south Pacific
• EYE

  • calmest portion of any storm and point at which winds rotate. Winds converging toward center are deflected by Coriolis force
• MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS

  • Located closest to eye of storm, in an area called eyewall or wall cloud
• TROPICAL DERESSION

  • weakest form of tropical cyclone

  TROPICAL STORM

  • when depression intensifies and attains sustained winds of 62 km/h

  TYPHOON

  • when tropical cyclone sustained winds reach 118 km/h
• PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL (PSWS)

  • issued in affected areas to inform public on projected impacts of storm and how soon these are expected to be felt.
• THUNDERSTORM

  • weather condition characterized by heavy rain and wind accompanied by lightning, thunder; sometimes with hail and tornadoes.
  • It can last for 30 minutes to several hours.
  • Require moisture and rapidly rising warm air, which is why they are common in humid areas.
  • They are frequently observed near equator and rarely in polar regions.
• CONVECTION

  • key mechanism in thunderstorm formation. Warm air near ground rises and cooler air sinks. Warm surface air will continue to rise since less dense than surrounding air.
• UPDRAFT

  • Rising Air

  DOWNDRAFT

  • Downward moving air
• LIGHTNING

  • Plasma travels downward to create a path for current to flow electrons surge down to meet streamers
• THUNDER

  • shockwave caused by this explosion, which manifests as a loud booming sound
• SEVERE

  • if it contains wind gusts of at least 94 km/h, hail at least an inch in diameter, or a tornado
• SINGLE CELL THUNDERSTORM

  • short-lived storm consisting of a single updraft-downdraft 18couplet. It is capable of producing heavy rainfall and lightning
• MULTI-CELL THUNDERSTORM

  • system of individual cells. Each cell usually lasts for 30 minutes to an hour, while the entire system can last for hours.
• SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM

  • highly organized thunderstorm with a large rotating updraft that can be 20 km in diameter and 15 km in height. It can last for several hours and produces violent tornadoes.
• SQUALL LINE

  • group of storms arranged in a straight line. It is shorter-lived than multi-cells and supercells, and are less likely to produce tornadoes
• THUNDERSTORM WATCH

  • when thunderstorm formation is likely within next twelve hours
• THUNDERSTORM ADVISORY

  • When there is indication that a thunderstorm is threatening a specific area within next two hours
• WATER SPROUT

  • or a tornado that originated from a water body.
• STREAMERS

  • objects on ground reach out to the clouds by growing finger-like electrical discharges.
• FLOODING

  • when areas usually not covered by water are engulfed or submerged.
  • usually caused by a temporary rise in or overflowing of streams, rivers, or confined bodies of water.
  • Failure of manmade structures such as dams and clogging of drainage systems are common causes.
  • typically develop in a span of hours to a few days
• FLASH FLOOD

  • In cases wherein there is rapid inundation (less than six hours)
• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FLOODING

  • rainfall intensity and duration, topography, soil conditions, and ground cover.
• SURFACE RUNOFF

  • water that does not enter soil and moves downslope, is more dominant in impermeable materials such as clay, or in cases where soil is too saturated to allow infiltration.
• FLOOD HAZARD MAPS

  • used to anticipate degree of flooding in an area and extent of damage that the event can cause
• AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND SATELLITE IMAGES

  • to produce a preliminary flood hazard map.
  • involves analysis of geology and morphological characteristics (geomorphology) of area.
• GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SOFTWARE.

  • allows integration and analysis of geographic or spatial data and organizes them to visualizations sucha as maps.
  • Google Earth is an example
• Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)

  • program for disaster research development makes use of advanced technologies, provides information services for improved disaster risk reduction and mitigation.
  • makes use of GIS software, simulations and models, and crowd sourcing of flood events to create flood hazard maps
• STORM SURGES

  • abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm.
  • the water undergoes wave shoaling.
  • natural flow of water from sea to shore is delayed by friction between water & seabed, causing to pile up.
  • driven by the force of storm winds
• RED (TAKE ACTION)

  • Storm surge is CATASTROPHIC. there is significant threat to life. Mandatory evacution is enforced
• ORANGE (ALARM)

  • EXPECTED. Conditions become life threatening.
  • All marine activities must be cancelled
• YELLOW (ALERT)

  • POSSIBLE. Stay away from coast or beach.
  • Preparation measures must be carried out
• GREEN (NO ALERT)

  • no action required
• EL NINO AND LA NINA

  • warm and cold phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.
• ENSO CYCLE

  • changes in oceanic and atmospheric temperatures in Equatorial Pacific.
  • significantly affects not only ocean processes, but also rainfall, wind, and tropical cyclone patterns
• SOUTHWEST/SUMMER MONSOON

  • locally known as Habagat, is a warm, moist air originating from the southwest Indian Ocean.
  • associated with heavy rainfall and humid climate
• NORTHEAST/WINTER MONSOON

  • known as Amihan come from Mongolia and northwestern China. Amihan is characterized by moderate temperatures, and little to no rainfall
• EL NIÑO

  •  Spanish term translates to “The Little Boy” or “Christ Child.” originally observed in Southern America as unusually warm seawater
  • named such because phenomenon typically occurs around Christmas.
  • usually starts between December and February.
  • indicated by a delayed onset or early termination of the rainy season, and weak monsoon and tropical cyclone activity.
  • in Philippines, brings fewer and less intense storms, but also associated with severe dry spells or droughts which can be just as damaging.
• WATER SUPPLY

  A primary concern during El Niño season
• LA NIÑA

  • means “The Little Girl,” characterized by sea surface temperatures lower than average.
  • also referred to as El Viejo (The Old Man) or anti-El Niño, since local effects on weather are generally opposite of those of El Niño.
  • caused by upward movement of cold water by unusually strong trade winds and ocean currents in a process called upwelling.
  • in Philippines is correlated with destructive typhoons, heavy rainfall, and associated landslides and floods