QUIZ 1

• PEARSON - Communication is the process of using messages to generate meaning.
• JIMENEZ & ALPARO - Communication is a process of sharing opinions and information, ideas, and feelings
• OBER & NEWMAN - Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages sometimes through spoken or written words, and sometimes non-verbally through facial expressions, gestures, and voice qualities.
• PALTA - Communication is the process of sending information to oneself or another entity, usually via a language.
• BARAN - Communication is the transmission of a message from a source to a receiver
• WOOD - Communication is a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.
• According to Wod, there are four key terms that should be defined to fully understand communication:

  • PROCESS
  • SYSTEM
  • SYMBOLS
  • MEANINGS
• PROCESS - implies continuity, an ongoing activity, dynamic, never static
• SYSTEM - interrelated parts that affect one another
• PROCESS- an activity on itself
• SYSTEM- the larger system within which it operates
• SYSTEM - To effectively communicate and interpret the message, it is important to understand the system (culture, religion, ethnicity, nationality, socio-economic status, age, sex, political affiliation and others) within which communication takes place
• SYMBOLS- for palta it is represented by language
• SYMBOLS - for Ober and Newman's it is indicated by spoken or written words, facial expressions, gestures and voice qualities
• SYMBOLS -concrete representation of something abstract
• MEANINGS - when people communicate, they attach meaning to the symbols they use (either verbal or non-verbal)
• content level - literal meaning, denotative
• relationship level - connotative meaning
• communication - n can be defined as continuous activity (process) that operates within a certain context (system) in which people exchanged words, gestures, and other verbal and nonverbal (symbols) behavior to create and understand information or messages (meaning).
• harold laswell's elements of communication

  
  

  • communicator - who
  • message - says what
  • medium - in which channel
  • receiver - to whom
  • effect - with what effect
• Pearson's elements of communication:

  • people
  • message
  • codes
  • channels
  • feedback
  • encoding
  • decoding
  • noise/barrier
• people - are ones involved in the communication
• message are the words that are sent to the receiver
• channel - means with which the message us delivered
• feedback - It' s the receiver ' s verbal and non-verbal response to the source ' s message.
• code - systematic arrangement of symbols used to create meaning in the mind of another person.
• Encoding- process of translating an idea or thought into a code
• Decoding - process of assigning meaning to an idea or thought
• NOISE/BARRIER - refers to any interference in the encoding and decoding processes which affect the clarity and understanding of a message
• linear model - assumes that communication is transmitted in a straightforward manner from a sender to a receiver

  • one-way process
  • also called transmission model
• interactive model - two-way process which involves an exchange or an interaction between the sender and the receiver
• transactional model - adapted from Wood (1997) in response to the failure of the interactive model to portray the dynamism of human communication
• interactive model - According to Schramm, the communicators’ fields of experience explain why misunderstanding occurs
• key feature of transactional model:

  • time element
  • communication as varying (not constant) and dynamic (not static)
  • occurs within system
  • labeled as communicators
• Communication is transactional - It is a two-way process which involves an exchange. When the message is sent, a reply is expected.
• Communication is inevitable – It is impossible not to communicate. The moment you wake up, you already start communicating by merely thinking of how your day will look like
• Communication is goal oriented - When you communicate, you have goals in mind.
• Communication has various levels - There are various levels of communication: intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group and public or mass
• Communication is complex – You may perceive communication as simply sending a text message, talking over the phone, or using hand gestures.
• Communication can be learned – Despite the complexity of communication, it is still a skill which can be learned.