SCIENCE REVIEWER

Cards (70)

  • Electricity is caused by charged particles
  • There are three types of electric charges
  • Charges are transferred by simple interactions such as rubbing
  • Insulators is a material where charges that allows charges to flow
  • A body became charged either by gaining or losing electrons
  • Coulomb is the standard unit of an electric charge
  • Electricity can either be static or moving
  • Battery is a perfect example of a direct current
  • The electrons of a lightning bolt sink to the bottom and are attracted to the positive charge on the ground
  • The direction of the current flow is the direction in which a positive charge is moving
  • Electromagnetism
    One of the fundamental forces in nature, and the dominant force in a vast range of natural and technological phenomena
  • Electromagnetism
    • The electromagnetic force is solely responsible for the structure of matter, organic, or inorganic Physics, chemistry, biology, materials science
    • The operation of most technological devices is based on electromagnetic forces. From lights, motors, and batteries, to communication and broadcasting systems, as well as microelectronic devices and engineering
  • Battery
    A device that stores charges and makes them available to power devices such as common electronic gadgets
  • Battery
    • Depending on the application, batteries have different output voltages and currents
    • Cars need batteries with high energy outputs, while mobile phones need long-life batteries
  • Capacitor
    An electronic component that consists of two metal plates called electrodes, in which charges can be stored
  • Capacitor
    • The two electrodes are separated by an insulator, commonly called dielectric, which can take various forms such as paper, electrolyte, and air
    • The dielectric isolates these two charges from each other, thereby enabling the battery to store the charge
  • Battery performance
    • The critical performance parameters are its power output, expected working lifetime, and charging and discharging rates
    • Typical electrolytic batteries have issues with such, making them incompatible with modern electronic technologies, which are advancing at a rate faster than the developments in battery technology
  • To catch up, high-performance capacitors and other battery alternatives are being developed
  • Electricity
    The interaction of electric charges
  • Electric charges
    A fundamental property of protons and electrons, which make up every atom. Positive and negative charges are the two types of electric charges
  • Benjamin Franklin discovered that lightning is electricity
  • Franklin's one-fluid theory
    All bodies possess a certain amount of electric fluid needed to keep them uncharged. When two bodies rub against each other, one of the bodies gets some of this fluid from the other body. The body that loses some of the fluid becomes negatively charged and the one that gains the fluid becomes positively charged
  • Two-fluid theory
    All bodies contain equal amounts of two kinds of fluid. When two bodies rub against each other, one of this fluids spreads over the other body, making it negatively charged
  • The terms electron and electricity are named after amber
  • Thales of Miletus discovered that if he rubbed fur on amber, the amber attract feathers. This was referred to as "Amber Effect"
  • Atom structure
    The nucleus is like the sun at the center of the solar system, and the electrons go around the nucleus in random paths, like the planets revolving around the sun
  • Most objects are neutral; the number of protons in their atoms is equal to the number of electrons
  • Law of electric charges
    Like charges repel, and unlike charges attract
  • Coulomb's law

    The electric force is the attraction or repulsion between charged objects. The size of charges and the distance between them are both key factors in determining the strength of the electric force
  • Static electricity
    The build up of electric charges on an object
  • Static electricity
    • When you rub a balloon against your hair, electrons from the atoms that make up your hair transfer to the balloon, which makes your hair positively charged due to electron loss. The balloon becomes negatively charged due to electron gain
  • Electric charge
    Some materials attract electrons more than others. Electric charge can be measured using Coulomb's law. Charge is a scalar and is measured in coulombs
  • Electrostatic sparks can even ignite gas fumes while someone is filling the tank at a gas station. The process that causes sparking is called "charging"
  • Electric charge can move from atoms and molecules of the material of the carpet to the soles of your shoes
  • Electric charge
    Ability of a material to attract or repel other materials
  • Materials that attract electrons
    • Silk
    • Glass rod
  • The transfer of charge
    1. Electrons pulled off the glass onto the silk
    2. Silk has an excess of electrons and the rod a deficit
  • Usually matter is charge neutral, because the number of electrons and protons are equal
  • Electric charge
    • Can be measured using Coulomb's Law
    • Charge is a scalar and is measured in coulombs
  • Electrostatic sparks can ignite gas fumes while someone is filling the tank at a gas station