PURCOMM PRELIMS

• Communication


  A process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding
• Skills required for communication

  • Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processing
  • Listening
  • Observing
  • Speaking
  • Questioning
  • Analyzing
• Communication


  A process of information transmission governed by three levels of semiotic rules: Syntactic, Pragmatic, Semantic
• Communication


  A social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and a common set of semiotic rules
• Communication


  The act of passing news, information, the act of sharing or exchanging thoughts, ideas, feelings with others or with a group; the act of participating with or sharing in common, the "we-belong-to-same-feeling" as in communication with… or the act of thinking about oneself
• Communication


  Derived from the Latin word 'communis,' which means, "Belonging to many" or "equally" and 'communico' – to confer with others. It is the mutual exchange of information, ideas, and understanding by any effective means
• Characteristics of communication


  • Communication is HUMAN
  • Communication is a PROCESS
  • Communication is SYMBOLIC
• Communication done by animals is relatively different from humans. The manner by which we communicate or use different gestures, facial expression, etc. to communicate is different from the dance that is done by bees to instruct their hive-mates on the location of food or the chimpanzees that have been taught to express themselves using sign language like deaf humans
• Communication is a continuous, ongoing process. It is not discrete, individual acts
• Symbols


  Used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible. The most significant feature of symbols is their arbitrary nature. Effective communication depends on agreement among people about these rules
• Nonverbal communication can have symbolic meaning. Some nonverbal behaviors, though arbitrary, have clearly agreed upon meanings. But many nonverbal behaviors are ambiguous
• Verbal communication


  The process of sending and receiving messages with words, including writing and sign language
• Types of verbal communication

  • Oral
  • Written
• Oral communication


  Spoken words are used, including face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet
• Written communication


  Written signs or symbols are used to communicate, such as email, letter, report, memo
• Nonverbal communication


  The sending or receiving of wordless messages, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice, or facial expressions
• Elements of nonverbal communication

  • Appearance (Speaker and Surroundings)
  • Body Language
  • Sounds
• Visual communication


  Type of communication that uses visual to convey information and/or messages, such as signs, symbol, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings, or illustrations, and even various forms of electronic communication
• Advantages of oral communication

  • It brings quick feedback
  • It saves time in communication
  • It provides complete understanding of communication delivered
  • It is more reliable method of communication
  • It is flexible and effective for all
  • It is powerful means of persuasion and control
  • It is cheaper way of communication and hence saves money
• Disadvantages of oral communication

  • It has issues when communication with distant people
  • It is difficult for certain people to understand speech
  • It is not suitable for lengthy messages
  • There is a chance of leak of secret information
• Advantages of written communication

  • Messages can be edited and revised
  • It provides record and backup
  • It enables receiver to fully understand and send appropriate feedback
  • It is easy to preserve
  • It is the best way to represent any complex matter easily and attractively
  • It acts as a permanent record
  • It helps to maintain the images of both the person and the organization
  • It is a proper and complete communication system
  • There is less possibility of distortion and alteration of the information
  • It can help to control the organizational activity
  • The information and messages can be easily verified
• Disadvantages of written communication

  • It is comparatively expensive
  • It is time-consuming
  • It is difficult to maintain secrecy
  • It lacks flexibility
  • It takes much time to get a response
  • It delays decision making
  • It is very difficult and expensive to keep all the records
  • The writer may use complex words that are difficult for the reader to understand
• Advantages of visual communication


  • It makes use of technology that provides apps, videos, and images that rely less on the printed word making presentations more interesting
  • Speakers/presenters should be mindful of the content, graphic elements, and audience size when preparing visual presentations
• Intrapersonal communication


  Communication with oneself, including self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and recall and memory
• Interpersonal communication


  Communication between two or more people
• Intrapersonal communication


  Communication with one's self, including self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and recall and memory
• Intrapersonal communication


  • It can be examined through the eight basic components of the communication process (source, receiver, message, channel, feedback, environment, context, and interference) as transactional, but all the interaction occurs within the individual
• Interpersonal communication


  Communication between two people, with emphasis on the relationship rather than the size of the audience
• Interpersonal relationships are an important part of the work environment
• Types of communication according to purpose and style

  • Formal
  • Casual
  • Intimate
  • Frozen
  • Consultative
• Formal language registers


  Used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules
• Informal language registers


  Conversational and appropriate when speaking or writing to a friend or to someone you know quite well
• Speaking and listening are vital elements of communication
• Stages in the cycle of communication

  • Thinking
  • Symbolizing
  • Expressing
  • Transmitting
  • Receiving
  • Decoding
  • Reacting
  • Monitoring
• Components of communication


  • Addressor (Speaker)
  • Addressee (Listener)
  • Context (Situation)
  • Contact
  • Code
  • Message
• Communication model


  A sketch that shows the basic elements of the communication process, and how each element affects the other elements in the entire communication process as a system

  
• Speaker/Sender


  • A person who sends the message, makes use of symbols to convey the message and produce required response, can be an individual, group or organization, their views, background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge have great impact on the message
• Message


  The key idea that the sender wants to communicate, a sign that elicits the response of the recipient, includes verbal delivery elements like rate, volume, pitch, quality, articulation, pronunciation, and variables like content, structure, and style
• Channel or Medium


  The means used to exchange or transmit the message, the language used
• Receiver or Listener


  The person the message is intended, aimed or targeted for, their understanding depends on factors like knowledge, responsiveness, and reliance of the encoder