Geog- Paper 1 Case studies

• Tropical Cyclones

  • Hurricane Katrina
  • Cyclone Haiyan
• What year was Hurricane Katrina

  2005
• What are some factors that made USA vulnerable

  • Low lying coastline on the gulf of Mexico
  • Warm sea temp in the gulf
  • city of New Orleans had leaves built for category 3 Hurricanes (not maintained)
• Give 3 impacts of Hurricane Katrina

  • 1800 deaths in Louisana
  • 300,000 homes were destroyed and many people were made homeless
  • roads were damagesd
  • 230,000 jobs lost
  • oil refineres were damaged
• Preparation and response _ HURRICANE KATRINA


  USA has excellent forecasting and tracking services

  • Mayor ordered the evacuation of the city that saved many lives
  • $4 billion spent on improvements such as upgrading 400k of levees
  • 20% of the city couldn’t evacuate
• When was Cyclone Haiyan

  2013
• What Category was Hurricane Katrina

  4
• What Catergory was Cyclone Haiyan

  5
• What are factors that made Philippines vulnerable

  • low lying coastline
  • warm ocean temperatures in the pacific(close to equator)
  • developing country
  • poor infrastructue
  • ineffective warning system
  • densely populated regions
• Give 3 impacts of Cyclone Haiyan

  • 7000 deaths
  • 4.1 mil homeless
  • 1.1 mil homes destroyed
  • $3 billion cost of damage
  • coastal waters contaminated as oil tanker break up
• Preparation and Response- Cyclone Haiyan

  • rescue effort was slow due to blocked roads and damage to airports
  • remote areas remained isolate for days
  • no provision of clean drinking water for many days
  • Evacuation could only take place during day due to lack of electricity
  • Emergency shelters built on low ground so easy at risk to further floods
• Earthquakes

  • Haiti - 2010
  • Japan - 2011
• What was the magnitude for Haiti

  7
• How deep was the focus for Haiti

  13 km deep
• What plate was it on ( Haiti )

  Conservative
• What was the magnitude for Japan

  • 9
• How deep was the focus (Japan)

  30km deep
• What plate was it on (Japan)

  Convergent
• Primary Impact for Haiti (3 things)

  • over 300,000 died from collapsed buildings
  • 1.5 mil made homeless
  • 3 mil people affected (over 150,000 made homeless)
  • all 8 hospitals collapsed
  • many schools damaged and 3 unis collapsed
  • The port at Port-au-prince was severely damaged
• Secondary Impact-Haiti (3 things)

  • Cholera spread through the squatter camps, which provided little protection during the hurricane season
  • factories closed and tourism stopped, economic losses increased
  • looting and crime increased as the government and the police force collapsed
• Short Term for Haiti

  • first few ads, aid workers reported no one seemed to be in charge
  • international aid in the form of search-and-rescue teams were flown into the country to help people trapped by the quake
  • food/water/medical supplies/temp shelters were brought into the country from USA and Dominican Republic
  • UN nations and Us troops provided law+order, whilst distributing aid
• Primary Impact-Japan

  • a dam + nuclear power station damaged
  • many buildings damaged
  • infrastructure such as motorways + damaged
• Secondary Impact- Japan

  • 15,900 people killed by a tsunami
  • Nuclear power station went into meltdown due to flood damage from tsunami causing people to be evacuated due to radiation leaks
  • power cuts become frequent due o limited energy supply as nuclear power is disrupted
• Short-Term response-Japan

  • Government responded immediately. Within 24 hours 110,000 troops were ready to help
  • Immediately after earthquake, all media such as Tv and Radio switched to official earthquake coverage which informed ppl what was happening
  • Japanese banks offered $183 billion to protect the economy
• Long-Term response - Haiti

  • government moved 235,000 people from port-au-prince to less damaged areas
  • some 200,000 ere paid or recieving food for public work, such as clearing away the tonnes of rubble
  • money pledged by individuals+government (World Bank cancelled hait is debt repayment for 5 years)
  • Oxfam estimated that 500,000people were still homeless in 2015
  • A Cholera epidemic began 10 months after the earthquake killing 800,000 people and infecting 6% of all Haitians by 2013
• Long-Term Response - Japan

  • Japan has developed long term planning which involves:

  - Every year there are earthquake drills. Emergency services practice rescuing people. People have emergency kits at home

  - Many buildings are earthquake proof. Gas supplies shut off automatically, reducing fire risk

  - Tsunami wall has been designed to protect the coast
• Physical Factors (barrier to development)- Malawi:

  • landlocked - limits access to ports and therefore trade
  • Challenging climate - often experiences severe drought
• Human factors (barrier to development)- Malawi

  • colonisation - exploitation of resources may of limited Malawi ability to be independent
  • Unfair trade system where malai relies on low value exports such as tea, but imports high value manufactured products. This creates a trade deficit
• Importance of Indias position

  • lies fairly central position within Asia between Middle East and China/Japan
  • India has a large coastline that enables the country to trade
  • borders china which is the worlds second largest economy
• Indias significance (Socially)

  • the worlds 2nd most populated country
  • has some of the worlds largest mega cities such as Mumbai
• India’s significance (Politically)

  • It is the worlds largest democracy
  • it as a growing influence within The United Nations in terms of making global decisions such as climate change agreements
• India’s Significance (Culturally)

  • Birth place of some of the major religions of the world such as Hinduism/Buddhism/Sikhism
  • Worlds largest film industry known s ‘Bollywood’
• India’s Significance (Environmentally)

  • has high level of biodiversity
  • has some of the worst polluting cities in the world and is the 3rd largest emitter of CO2
• What role did Government policy ply in making India more globalised ?

  • encourage foreign companies in invest in India (Coca-cola/BT)
  • Reducing taxes on TNCs investing in India so acts as an incentive for TNCs to go to INDIA
  • Reduce traxes on goods being imported from abroad.This makes products sold in India cheaper for consumer

  Known as Economic Liberalisation (designed to open up a country like India to Foreign Investment)
• Coca-Cola in India (Background)

  • Drought ridden state of Rajasthan is home to one of the country's bottling plants.
  • coca requires huge amounts of water in its manufracture
  • 500 Millions of litres of water used each year by just one factory
• Coca-Cola in India (Environmental Impacts)

  • Water Table(groundwater) has dropped by over 60m
  • Increased drought conditions in the region
• Coca-Cola in India (Socio-Economic impacts)

  • many local people are protesting against coca-cola and who owns water.Government heavily protects coca-cola suggesting its a priority Compared to needs of villages
  • Forces locals to either drink dirty water or travel further for water
  • Harvests have shrunk by 40% due to lack of water to irrigate the land
  • Traditionally a rice growing area.Now many farmers are out of business as a result of Coca
  • many can’t afford Coke
• British Telecom(BT) in India:

  • Bt moved its call centres to Mumbai in India (known as outsourcing)
  • Has helped increase amount of people in formal employment, which improves quality of life and aspiration for people who work at BT
  • helped contribute to Indias growing middle class population
• What attracted BT to India?

  • Attraction of cheaper workforce
  • English speaking workforce
  • High level of skilled/IT literate workforce
• Indias wealthiest region is…

  Maharashtra