China

• what was china's gov like before the economic change

  Mao Zedong overtook china thought the communist party in 1949
• what did Mao Zedong propose

  3 key ideas-

  -the Great Leap Forward (redevelop chinas economy from primary to secondary/tertiary)

  -cultural revolution (use of red guard)

  -economic isolation (no trade with other countries)
• socio-economics before economic change

  -everything was planned by the communist party

  -agricaulture was the main economic activity

  -TVEs were set up to provide basics for small communes/areas set up with designated purposes) they were small scale hand crafted manufacturing companies

  -Large companies were SOEs (state owned enterprises) to provide the resources for development, companies could only exist of they were approved by the communist party
• demographics before economic change

  -high birth rate to support farming

  -high death rates in the 'great leap forward' due to reduction in agriculture halting food supply

  -middle & higher class proportions decreased in the 'cultural revolution' as they threatened Zedongs power

  -not many lived to old age
• culture before economic change

  -heavily farming based

  -no distinct style as all workers wore the same clothes

  -no religious festivals as work was the focus 24/7
• environment before economic change

  -flat plains used for rice fields

  -minimal factory pollution

  -small basic homes
• economic change that took place

  -Zedong died in 1978 and Deng Xiaoping took over power

  -he introduced an 'open doors' policy and invited other countries to trade and invest in China

  -changed China from a centralised planned economy to a market economy
• what was one of the modernisations in China

  agriculture- hope to increase crop yields and therefor food supply plus reduce no. of people working in this sector by implementing new machinery and irrigation systems, The Household Responsibility System meant every family was given a plot of land to look after so food supply increase and more kids went into education not farming s birthrate therefor decreased due to a One Child Policy to decrease chance of famine
• what was another modernisation in China

  industry- SOEs didn't have to hand profits to the state, instead they payed tax, allowing them to spend more money on their company allowing China's economy to rapidly increase, plus an increase in International trade opened up more pathways for these companies
• what was another modernisation China

  science and technology- implemented a compulsory education system, billions was invested into new tech and innovations in space craft and computing plus studying abroad was permitted
• what was the last modernisation in China

  military- the army was made more flexible and strong plus new tech was given to them
• what were the socio-economic impacts of growth

  -long work hour with minimal breaks increased stress and work ability of employees

  -jobs in large companies were safer and had higher wages

  -until 2015 it was the fastest growing economy with a GDP of over $11 trillion
• what were the demographic impacts of the growth

  160 million moved into urban areas for better payed work, this caused a large strain on housing
• what were the environmental impacts of growth

  -dangerously poor air quality

  -90% of water in unsafe