treatment

• what is the treatment used in depression

  cognitive behavioural therapy
• what does CBT recognize

  the link between thinking and behaviour
• how does CBT work

  identifying irrational and negative thinking, challenging irrational negative thinking and fighting back
• what is CBT

  • the cognitive aspects of depression
• what does CBT consist of

  the therapist and client working though to increase the clients pleasurable activity and therefore creates more positive behaviours, identify the irrational thoughts that the client is experiencing, challenge these irrational thoughts and then change them to more rational, positive ones and reduce the depressed symptoms
• what are the 4 stages of CBT

  1. increase pleasurable activities
  2. identify irrational thoughts
  3. challenge irrational thoughts
  4. change irrational thoughts
• what happens during the 1st stage of CBT

  • increasing pleasurable activities and so improving mood and positive behaviour
  • therapist encourages the client to be more active and therefore more confident
  • they work together to devise a schedule of hourly activities for the coming week
  • a clients mood and behaviour are expected in improve
• what is the aspect is the first stage of the CBT

  the behavioural aspects
• what is an example of pleasurable activates that ps should do

  • excises
  • shopping
  • socializing
• what is the second stage of CBT

  • identifying irrational thoughts
  • the therapist helps the client to identify their constant irrational thoughts assigning homework to deal with this
  • the client is set homework to record their irrational thoughts and what affects this had on their mood
  • they can also record when they have enjoyed an event or when people were nice to them
  • this will be useful for the challenging phase
• what is the third phase of CBT

  • challenging the irrational thoughts
  • clients are taught to challenge the irrational thoughts and replace them with more realistic ones
  • therapist and client test the truth of their thoughts and often conclude that they are false
• what is an example of how the 3rd stage of CBT be used

  • using the homework activity from the identifying stage and if in future sessions the client says no one is nice to them the therapist can show them their homework and where they have recorded people as being nice to them they can use this as evidence to prove the clients thoughts are irrational and incorrect
  • more homework can be assigned to help with the challenging of irrational thoughts when the client is not with the therapist
• what does the homework of CBT include in phase 2

  recording the situation, mood, mood rating and irrational thoughts
• what does the homework of CBT include in phase 3

  recording the previous irrational thoughts, evidence that they are false, alternative rational thoughts and mood rating after
• what is the fourth phase of CBT

  • challenging irrational thoughts
  • by increasing pleasurable activities, identifying and challenging irrational thoughts a change in the depressed behaviour should occur and the client should notice a more happy and positive mood and less depressed symptoms
• what did beck believe about depressed individuals

  they tend to view the world negatively and they tend to have a negative triad, a pessimistic view of the self, the world and the future
• why did beck develop CBT

  to help challenge the negative triad
• what is the aim of CBT

  to identify and challenge negative and faulty thoughts and replace them with positive thinking that will lead to us feeling better and eventually healthy behaviour
• what techniques does CBT use

  techniques from both cognitive and behavioural approaches
• how do clients act in becks CBT

  clients act as a scientist investigating the reality of her own negative thoughts
• what are the 4 stages of becks CBT

  1. goal setting
  2. challenging negative thoughts
  3. dysfunctional thought diary
  4. homework
• what happens during the first stage of becks CBT

  • goal setting
  • at the beginning of the therapy the client meets with the therapist to describe their specific problems and to set goals they want to work towards
  • the problems may be troublesome symptoms such as sleeping badly, not being able to socialize with friend or difficulty concentrating on reading or work
• what happens in the second stage of beck CBT

  • challenge negative thoughts
  • during CBT the client is taught to challenge negative thoughts and to replace then with more constructive ones
  • it is hoped that this rational way of thinking can help the client to change their behaviour
• what happens during the third phase of becks CBT

  • dysfunctional thought diary
  • clients are asked to keep a record of the events leading up to any unpleasant emotions experienced
  • they are then asked to record the 'negative' thoughts associated with these events and rate how much they believe in these thoughts (on a scale of 1-100)
  • clients are required to write a rational response to the negative thoughts and rate their belief in this rational response
• what happens in the fourth stage of becks CBT

  • homework
  • during each session the therapist sets regular homework's
  • this could be meeting up with friends, writing down when you get a compliment ect
• how many sessions of CBT is there

  CBT is breifer than many other forms of therapy in fact the average number of sessions is 16-20
• what does the therapist do in Ellis CBT

  the therapist explains the irrationality of the thoughts directly to the ps through disputation
• what is ellis's CBT called

  ellis's rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
• what does REBT extend to

  the ABC model extends to ABCDE
• what does the D in ABCDE stand for

  D stands for the disputing irrational thoughts
• what does the E stand for in ABCDE

  E stands for the effects of disputing and the effective attitude to learning
• what is the central technique of REBT

  to challenge and dispute irrational thoughts and replace them with effective, rational beliefs
• what is an example of REBTs central techniques

  • a ps might talk about how unlucky or unfair things seem and a REBT therapist would identify these and challenge this as irrational belief and this would involve a vigorous argument
  • the intended effect is to change the irrational belief and so break the link between negative life events and depression
• what is logical disputing

  self-defeating belief do not follow logically from the infomation available
• what is an example of logical disputing

  does thinking in this way make sense
• what is empirical disputing

  self-defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality
• what is an example of empirical disputing

  where is the proof that this belief is accurate/true
• what may a therapist do following an REBT session

  set their ps homework
• what is the idea of assigning homework to REBT ps

  the ps identifies their own irrational beliefs and then proves them wrong as a result their beliefs begin to change
• what is an example of REBT homework

  someone who is anxious in social situations may be set a homework assignment to meet a friend for drinks