Pisay

• Brightness - described in terms of magnitude and luminosity
• Magnitude - a measure of how bright a star would be if it were seen from a distance
• Luminosity - the actual brightness; absolute magnitude.
• Size - the space it occupies.
• ​Mass - the amount of matter that resides in that space.
• SUPER GIANT STARS - luminous stars with a mass more than 10 times higher than that of our sun and have started to decay.
• GIANT STARS - with a mass about 0.8 to about 10 times the mass of our sun.
• BROWN DWARF - do not have enough mass to run the full nuclear fusion process and transition from main sequence to giant or super giant star.
• MAIN SEQUENCE WHITE DWARF STARS - our sun; central part of their evolution.
• CONSTELLATIONS A group of stars forming a definite shape.
• SOLAR ECLIPSE Happens when the moon passes between the sun and the earth that fully or partially blocks the sunlight reaching the earth.
• TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE - the moon completely covers the sun. ( the corona is seen )
• ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE - a thin outer ring of the sun’s disk ( ring of fire / annulus ) isn’t covered by the smaller dark disk of the moon
• PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE - the sun, moon, and earth are not exactly lined up.
• LUNAR ECLIPSE Happens when the moon is exactly on the opposite side of the earth to the sun. The moon passes through the earth’s shadow.
• TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE - the moon is located within the umbra of the earth’s shadow.
• PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE - a part of the moon is located on the penumbra and another part is located on the umbra of the earth’s shadow.
• PENUMBRAL SOLAR ECLIPSE - the moon travels on the penumbra of earth’s shadow.
• APOGEE - farthest from the earth.
• ​PERIGEE - closest approach to the earth.
• SUN a star at the center of the Solar System. It is made up of burning gases; the most important life source for all living things on Earth.
• MERCURY Closest to the sun.
• VENUS Second planet from the sun.
• EARTH Third planet from the sun.
• MARS The fourth planet from the sun.
• JUPITER Fifth planet from the sun.
• SATURN Second largest planet.
• URANUS Made up of ice.
• NEPTUNE An ice giant.
• COMETS - icy, dusty rocks that orbit the Sun along an elongated path. When comets come close to the Sun, the frozen water and gases heat up creating a tail of gas and dust particles.
• ASTEROIDS Huge metallic rocks moving around the Sun. Covered in regolith, a layer of fine rock and dust particles. Craters or holes caused by their collision to other space objects.
• FIREBALL Unusually bright meteor that reaches a visual magnitude of -3 or brighter.
• METEORS Rock pieces that enter the Earth’s atmosphere. They burn and glow. They look like streaks of light shooting across the sky.
• OUTER CORE A layer of molten iron and nickel.
• INNER CORE A solid ball of iron and nickel.
• 1. GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY 

  • Located between the lower mantle and outer core. 
• 1. MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY 

  Boundary line between the Earth’s crust and the mantle.
• CRUST Outermost layer of the Earth’s solid surface.
• MANTLE Between the crust and the core, consisting mainly of silicate rocks.
• DIASTROPHISM - refers to the broad processes that shape the Earth’s crust. This results in the deformation and alteration of the Earth’s surface. It also means twisting.