Chapter 2

• the process of identifying, locating, organizing, and analyzing information about a research topic

  Review of Related Literatures
• what does the RRL prevents that helps avoid problems that others have encountered

  duplication
• what provides valuable information about how to measure the research variables involved and what research design is most useful?

  Review of Related Literature
• how many types of sources are there

  4
• enlist the types of sources

  1. General Sources
  2. Primary Sources
  3. Secondary Sources
  4. Tertiary Sources
• source that researchers first access, such as research articles from professional journals, monographs, and conference proceedings

  General Sources
• first-hand information

  Primary Sources
• some of these are academic research and journals published by universities and learned scholars

  Primary Sources
• Written by authors that describe another researcher's work

  Secondary sources
• textbooks, single-authored books, and books edited by different authors

  Secondary Sources
• Books and articles based on secondary sources

  Tertiary sources
• what does tertiary sources do

  synthesizes and explain works of others
• dictionaries, manuals, encyclopedias

  Tertiary sources
• parts of a review of related literature

  1. Introduction
  2. Body
  3. Synthesis
  4. Bibliography
• Discusses briefly the research problem and the significance of the study

  Introduction
• Introduction


  • Discusses briefly the research problem and the significance of the study
  • Presents the organization of the discussion of the claims and arguments of experts and researchers
• Body


  Contains the narrative of relevant ideas and findings found in the reports of other researchers that support the present problem
• Synthesis


  Ties together the main ideas revealed in the review of related literature
• Bibliography


  Contains full bibliographic information of all the sources mentioned in the review
• Types of literature reviews

  • Chronological
  • Conceptual
  • Stated Hypothesis
  • Thematic
• Thematic literature review


  • Focuses on identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing common themes or patterns across a body of literature or research study
  • Helps researchers identify gaps in existing literature, highlight key findings, and provide a comprehensive overview of concepts and trends within a particular field
  • Involves systematically identifying and categorizing relevant literature based on common themes or topics, critically evaluating them, and synthesizing the information to draw meaningful conclusions
• Process in thematic review

  1. Define your research question

  2. Identify Relevant Literature

  3. Read and Summarize

  4. Identify themes

  5. Categorize and Synthesize

  6. Analyze and Compare

  7. Write your review

  8. Discuss Implication

  9. Revise and Edit
• Plagiarism


  An act of claiming another's work or copying a portion of someone else's writing
• Self-plagiarism


  Defined when the researcher reuse their own work or data in a "new" written product without letting the readers know that the manuscript already appeared in another literature
• Copyright


  A type of intellectual property that protects certain sorts of original creative work, including academic articles
• Citing sources


  It is essential that we give credit to the creator of ideas that we are using
• Types of citations

  • Narrative
  • Parenthetical
• Purpose of citation

  • To avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity
  • To acknowledge the work of others
  • To provide credibility to your work
  • To help your future researching self and other researches easily locate sources
• APA citation

  • American Psychological Association (APA)
  • The most commonly used format for manuscripts in the Social Sciences
• Key points in APA citations

  • Use the author, date format whenever possible
  • If the sources is quoted, you MUST include the page or paragraph number
  • If the author's name is not available, use the title of the document in place of the author's name
• Types of in-text citations

  • Paraphrase (Summary)
  • Short Quote
  • Long Quote
• Group authors, with and without abbreviation

  • If work is authored by one or two groups, include the group author names in every citation
  • If a group author has an abbreviation, introduce the abbreviation in the first citation. In subsequent citations, use the abbreviation in place of the full group name
• Paraphrase


  source material that has been summarized in your own words
• less than 40 words and enclosed within quotation marks

  Short quote
• over 40 words

  long quote