Science Modules

• Coordinating system


  A mathematical framework used to determine the position of points in space or on a plane
• Map


  A visual representation of the Earth's surface or a specific area of the Earth. It is a two-dimensional representation that uses a combination of symbols, colors, lines, and labels to depict geographical features
• Globe


  A three-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface, depicting the continents, oceans, and other geographical features
• Imaginary lines


  Also known as lines of reference or geographic lines, are lines that are used to establish a framework for mapping and understanding the Earth's surface
• Latitude


  A geographic coordinate that measures the distance of a location north or south of the Earth's equator. Horizontal imaginary lines that run east to west of a map
• Longitude


  A geographic coordinate that measures the distance of a location east or west of the Prime Meridian. Vertical imaginary lines that run from north to south of a map
• Prime meridian


  Located at 0 degrees longitude and serves as the reference point for measuring east-west distances on the Earth's surface. Divides the earth into eastern hemisphere and western hemisphere
• Equator


  An imaginary line that encircles the Earth's middle, dividing it into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. It is located at 0 degrees latitude and is the widest circumference of the Earth. This is also called a great circle
• Arctic circle


  An imaginary line of latitude located at approximately 66.5 degrees north of the equator. Areas north of the Arctic Circle experience unique environmental conditions, including the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer months, where the sun remains visible for 24 hours a day
• Antarctic circle


  An imaginary line of latitude located at approximately 66.5 degrees south of the equator. Areas south of the Antarctic Circle experience extreme cold temperatures, long periods of darkness during the winter months, and the phenomenon of the polar night, where the sun remains below the horizon for 24 hours a day
• Tropic of Cancer


  An imaginary line of latitude located at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the equator
• Tropic of Capricorn


  An imaginary line of latitude located at approximately 23.5 degrees south of the equator
• Tropic/Torrid zone


  The region of the Earth that lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This region is located near the equator and is characterized by a warm and humid climate
• Northern Temperature zone


  The region of the Earth located between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer
• Southern Temperature zone


  The region of the Earth located between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle
• Temperature zone


  The region of the Earth located between the tropics and the polar zone, experiences four distinct seasons
• Frigid zone/Polar zone


  The region of the Earth located near the poles. The frigid zone experiences extremely cold temperatures, with long, harsh winters and short, cool summers
• Line of Latitude


  Also known as parallel of the latitude, an imaginary circle on the earth surface that runs parallel to the equator. The closer the latitude is to the equator the warmer the climate
• North pole


  The northernmost point on the Earth's surface. It is located at 90 degrees latitude north and is the point where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the surface
• South pole


  The southernmost point on the Earth's surface. It is located at 90 degrees latitude south and is the point where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the surface in the Southern Hemisphere
• Summer


  The warmest season in the temperate zone
• Spring


  A transitional season between winter and summer
• Autumn


  Brings cooler temperatures, changing leaves, and harvest festivals
• Winter


  The coldest season, with snowfall and dormant vegetation
• Equator- imaginary line that encircles the Earth's middle, dividing

  Northern Hemisphere And Southern Hemisphere