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Eduquas History
The Crusades
KQ4: What was life like for Crusaders in Outremer?
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Economy
to do with
finances
/
money
Feudal State
a system of ruling where the
king
is at the
top
,
nobility
/knights in the
middle
, and the peasants are at the
bottom
Integration
mixing of different people who used to be
separated
Massacre
brutal
killing
of a
large
amount of people
Native
someone who
lived
somewhere
before
it was taken over by a
different
group
Outremer
name given to the
four
crusader
kingdoms
Pogrom
attacking
of group of
people
Province
part of
country
or
empire
Toleration
putting
up
with something to keep the
peace
Truce
peace
urban
city
areas
Establishment of Crusader Kingdoms
Consequence of
First
Crusade.
Known as
Outremer.
Composed of
four
kingdoms:
Edessa
,
Antioch
,
Tripoli
,
Jerusalem.
Rulers of Crusader Kingdoms
Baldwin ruled
Edessa.
Bohemond
ruled
Antioch.
Raymond
ruled
Tripoli.
Baldwin
II became
King
of Jerusalem after
Godfrey's
death.
Byzantine Help and Quarrels:
First
Crusade
successful with
Byzantine
help.
Crusaders
quarreled
with Byzantium over
Antioch.
Byzantines wanted
Antioch
returned
Oath of Allegiance:
Crusaders swore
allegiance
to
Alexius.
Felt
betrayed
by Alexius.
Alliance Issues:
Both
Byzantines
and
crusaders
prepared to ally with
Muslims
against each other.
Undermined stability of
Crusader
kingdoms.
Strategic Challenges of Outremer:
Edessa
vulnerable to
Muslim
attack.
Thin
and
long
states required defense by long line of
castles.
Lack of
natural
defense against
attacks.
Manpower Shortage:
Limited
further advances.
Many
knights
returned to
Europe
after completing
pilgrimage.
Control over Holy Places:
Difficult to maintain without
permanent
settlers.
Jerusalem
defended by few hundred
knights.
Population Composition:
Mainly consisted of
Muslims
and
Jews.
Unlikely to be
loyal
to
crusaders
after massacre.
Uncertain Survival:
Survival
of crusader kingdoms not
guaranteed.
Feudal Organisation:
Outremer organized as
feudal
state.
Church
played significant role but often had differing ideas from
rulers.
Dependence on Italian City Ports:
Relied on cooperation of
ports
like
Genoa
for supplies.
Securing Coastal Cities:
Haifa
and
Acre
taken in 1104.
Beirut
and
Sidon
in 1110.
Tyre
in 1124.
Agriculture and Everyday Life:
Basis
of
Outremer
economy.
Peasantry
life continued as before.
Coastal
areas fertile, supported diverse
crops.
Urban Development:
Ports of
Tyre
and
Acre
became economic
centers.
Established
commercial
and
political
links with
Italian
cities.
Pilgrim Tourism:
Increased
after capture of
Jerusalem.
Spent on
goods
and donated to
Church.
Economic Products:
Fish
,
vegetables
,
sugar
,
oils
,
wine
,
spices.
Backbone
of crusader economy.
Taxation
Various
taxes
on
goods
helped maintain
administration.
Religious and Racial Diversity:
Included
Jews
,
Zoroastrians
,
Christians
of various denominations, Greek
Orthodox
,
Sunni
and
Shi'a
Muslims.
Settlement Challenges:
Difficulty in
controlling
diverse population.
Massacres
occurred initially.
Interaction and Integration:
Eventually, some interaction and
integration
between Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
Periods of
truce
negotiated for
trade.
Religious Tolerance:
Jews
and
Muslims
allowed to visit
Jerusalem
but not
live
there.
Native Christians had
religious
freedom.
Treatment of Jews:
Relatively
fair
compared to
Western
Europe.
No
anti-Jewish
pogroms.
Could practice
religion
freely.