2.5

• The Spanish fundamentally altered the society of the Americas by introducing a caste system which reordered people based on their racial ancestry
• The Spanish perspective was that the native Americans were only good for labor and religious conversion
• The Spanish established Santa Fe as the capital of New Mexico in 1610
• The Spanish employed coercive and brutal measures to convert the Pueblo Indians to Christianity


  1. Resulted in the Pueblo Revolt

  2. Pueblo sought to purge the Spanish from their territory

  3. Spanish returned 12 years later and reconquered Santa Fe
• As the New England population grew


  They needed more land, which they took from the natives, leading to King Philip's War
• Europeans rarely saw the natives of America as equal to themselves
• Because the natives in North America lived in diverse and sometimes warring groups, the Europeans rarely had to worry about a unified resistance
• American Indians did their best to figure out how to live with the new European reality, some allied with one group against another, others migrated to lands not yet settled by Europeans