BIOL2200

• What is the study of mechanics focused on?

  Relationships among forces, matter, and motion
• What are the two main branches of mechanics?

  • Kinematics: mathematical description of motion
  • Dynamics: effects of forces on motion
• What are the key components used to describe motion in kinematics?

  1. Distance covered
  2. Displacement vector
  3. Duration (time)
  4. Speed
  5. Velocity vector
  6. Acceleration
• What is displacement in motion?

  A vector from initial to final position
• What is the SI unit of displacement?

  Meter [m]
• How is the magnitude of displacement defined?

  Shortest distance between two positions
• When is the magnitude of displacement equal to total distance covered?

  When motion is in a straight line
• What is velocity?

  A vector describing speed and direction
• What is the SI unit of velocity?

  Meter/second [m/s]
• What does average velocity represent?

  Average speed during a certain displacement
• How is average velocity calculated?

  Average velocity = displacement / elapsed time
• What is speed?

  A scalar quantity indicating how fast an object moves
• What is the SI unit of speed?

  Meter/second [m/s]
• What does average speed tell us?

  How fast an object moves on average
• How is average speed calculated?

  Average speed = distance / elapsed time
• What is acceleration?

  A vector describing change in velocity over time
• What is the SI unit of acceleration?

  Meter per second squared [m/s²]
• How does acceleration relate to velocity when speeding up?

  Acceleration and velocity have the same direction
• How does acceleration relate to velocity when slowing down?

  Acceleration points opposite to velocity
• What is uniform acceleration?

  • Acceleration is constant
  • Different from uniform motion (constant velocity)
• What are the equations for uniform acceleration?

  1. $v =$$v_0 +$$at$
  2. $\Delta x =$$\frac{v + v_0}{2} t$
  3. $\Delta x =$$v_0 t +$$\frac{1}{2} at^2$
  4. $v^2 =$$v_0^2 +$$2a\Delta x$
• What is free fall?

  Motion with constant acceleration due to gravity
• What are the equations for free fall?

  1. $v =$$v_0 +$$gt$
  2. $\Delta y =$$\frac{v + v_0}{2} t$
  3. $\Delta y =$$v_0 t +$$\frac{1}{2} gt^2$
  4. $v^2 =$$v_0^2 +$$2g\Delta y$
• What is the approximate value of gravitational acceleration on Earth?

  ~ -9.8 m/s²
• What is projectile motion?

  • Motion under the influence of gravity
  • Path traced is called trajectory
• What are the ideal conditions for projectile motion?

  • No air resistance
  • Neglect Earth's curvature and rotation
  • Constant acceleration due to gravity
• What happens when an airplane releases a parachutist?

  • Parachutist moves with constant horizontal velocity
  • Experiences constant downward acceleration
• What are the key points to remember in projectile motion?

  • Constant horizontal velocity
  • Constant downward acceleration (equal to g)
  • Use kinematic equations
• What is the horizontal acceleration in projectile motion?

  Horizontal acceleration is zero
• What is the vertical acceleration in projectile motion?

  Vertical acceleration is equal to -g
• How is time determined in projectile motion?

  • Dictated only by the vertical part of motion
• How do you calculate the velocity upon striking the ground in projectile motion?

  Use Pythagorean theorem for magnitude
• What are the components of initial velocity in projectile motion?

  • $v_{0y} =$$v_0 \sin \theta_0$
  • $v_{0x} =$$v_0 \cos \theta_0$
• What is the formula for maximum height in projectile motion?

  $H =$$\frac{v_0^2 \sin^2 \alpha_0}{2g}$
• What is the formula for range in projectile motion?

  $R =$$\frac{v_0^2 \sin 2\alpha_0}{g}$
• What is the relationship between range and horizontal displacement?

  $R =$$v_0 \cos \alpha_0 t$