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Biology
Adaptation for animal transport
Tissue and Lymph Fluid
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Created by
Joscelin Trevornie
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Cards (23)
Tissue fluid
Fluid that passes out of the
blood
and
bathes
the tissue cells
Formation of tissue fluid
1. Fluid passes out of the blood at the
arterial
end of the
capillary
2. Fluid returns to the blood at the
venous
end of the
capillary
Hydrostatic
pressure
The pressure exerted by the blood at the
arterial
end of the
capillary
Osmotic pressure
The tendency for water to move back into the
blood
by
osmosis
due to the plasma proteins
At the
arterial
end of the capillary
Hydrostatic
pressure is
greater
than osmotic pressure, causing tissue fluid to form
At the
venous
end of the capillary
Hydrostatic pressure is
less
than osmotic pressure, causing water to move back into the
blood
Around
90
% of tissue fluid is reabsorbed back into the
blood
Lymph fluid
The remaining
10
% of tissue fluid that drains into
lymph capillaries
and vessels
Movement of lymph fluid
1.
Lymph vessels
are squeezed by nearby
skeletal muscles
2.
Valves
in
lymph vessels
help keep lymph fluid moving forward
3. Lymph fluid eventually returns to the
bloodstream
under the
collar bone
The
lymphatic
system also plays a role in
immunity
Tissue fluid
Liquid that passes between the
capillaries
and the
cells
of the tissues
Capillary walls
Single layer of epithelial cells
Act as a
selectively permeable membrane
Allow
water
and solutes of
low RMM
to pass through
Proteins
remain in the
capillaries
Formation of tissue fluid
1.
Ultrafiltration
2. Combination of
blood pressure
forcing materials out of capillaries and
osmotic pressure
pulling materials into capillaries
Composition of tissue fluid
Water
Glucose
Amino
acids
Fatty
acids
Glycerol
Mineral
salts
Dissolved
gases
Vitamins
Composition of plasma
Red
blood cells
White
blood cells
Platelets
Large
plasma proteins
Tissue fluid movement at start of capillary bed
1.
Water
and small solutes pass out through
capillary endothelium
2. Hydrostatic pressure due to blood pressure is greater than
osmotic
pressure due to
proteins
Tissue fluid movement at end of capillary bed
1.
Water
and
solutes
flow back into capillaries
2. Hydrostatic pressure has dropped and
osmotic
pressure causes
water
and solutes to flow back in
About
99
% of the fluid that leaves the blood at the
arterial
end of the capillary bed returns at the venous end
The rest of the tissue fluid returns via the
lymphatic system
Edema
Fluid
accumulation
around the
tissues
(swelling)
Causes of edema
Excessively
high
blood pressure
Protein
deficient diet (
kwashiorkor
)
Low protein levels in the blood caused by
malnutrition
,
kidney
and liver disease
Components of the
lymphatic
system
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Bone marrow
Lymph is returned to the
bloodstream
via the right
subclavian vein